Open burning

The procedures commonly used to demilitari2e conventional munitions iaclude munitions disassembly, washout or steamout of explosives from projectiles and warheads, iaciaeration of reclaimed explosives, and open burning or detonation. Open burning and detonation of large quantities of... 

Alternatives to Open Burning Open Detonation of Propellants andExplosives, CPIA PubHcation 540, CPIA, Laurel, Md., Mar. 1990. 

Even though society has moved toward centralized industries and utilities, we still have many personal sources of air pollution for which we alone can answer—(1) automobiles, (2) home furnaces, (3) home fireplaces and stoves, (4) backyard barbecue grills, and (5) open burning of refuse and leaves. Figure 6-4 illustrates the personal emissions of a typical U.S. family. 

Coal Oil Gas Open burning Multiple chamber Gasoline Diesel... 

To develop an emission inventory for an area, one must (1) list the types of sources for the area, such as cupolas, automobiles, and home fireplaces (2) determine the type of air pollutant emission from each of the listed sources, such as particulates and SO2 (3) examine the literature (9) to find valid emission factors for each of the pollutants of concern (e.g., "particulate emissions for open burning of tree limbs and brush are 10 kg per ton of residue consumed") (4) through an actual count, or by means of some estimating technique, determine the number and size of specific sources in the area (the number of steelmaking furnaces can be counted, but the number of home fireplaces will probably have to be estimated) and (5) multiply the appropriate numbers from (3) and (4) to obtain the total emissions and then sum the similar emissions to obtain the total for the area. 

A major source of particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons is open burning of agricultural residue. Over 2.5 million metric tons of particulate matter per year are added to the atmosphere over the United States from burning rice, grass straw and stubble, wheat straw and stubble. 

The major effect of such open burning is the nuisance caused by the smoke, but health effects are noticed by sensitive individuals downwind from the bum. Table 30-18 lists the pollutant emissions from grass field burning (15). 

Fig. 30-4. Open burning of a field after a grass seed harvest.

One of the most studied of the polyaromatic hydro-carbone (PAH) is benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), which is present in coal tar at coke oven plants. The BaP content of coal tar is between 0.1% and 1 % and it contributes to the serious potential health effects on employees exposed to coke oven emissions. The largest sources of BaP are open burning and home heating with wood and coal. The latter alone contributes 40 percent of all the BaP released each year in the USA. 

Concerning the open burning process, it has hazardous effects on the air. However, since there is a part that is not well burned, a residue is generated. This residue of the combustion along with metals and CRTs are normally dumped in open-air landfills. The effects of this activity impact the soil compartment. Moreover, CRTs are often pushed into rivers affecting in the water compartment. 

Maine Regulations on the open burning of fuel oils (kerosene) Yes CELDS 1991... 

For flames with near-normal ambient atmospheres, the prompt mechanism is important for most conditions. Since both the thermal mechanism and reburn become the fastest as decreases, they mostly counterbalance each other. When the pressure or temperature of the fuel and oxidizer streams increases, the rates of thermal production and reburn increase faster than the prompt rate (though prompt production does increase with temperature) so these former two mechanisms increase in relative importance. It follows that the prompt contribution will be less important in engine applications than for open burning. 

Hazardous waste Thermal treatment Hazardous waste Thermal treatment Open burning Sewer discharge Open burning... 

Associated costs are higher than those of open burning. 

The rate at which equipment or material can be decontaminated is slower than that for open burning. 

Lemieux PM, Lutes CC, Abbott JA, Aldous KM (2000) Emission of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans from the Open Burning of Household Waste in Barrels. Environ Sci Technol 34 377... 

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