EMIL

Supplied by The Emil Greiner Co. of New York and by Edwards High Vacuum Ltd. an all.metal Cartesian manostat is also marketed. 

Chemistry also contributed in a major way to the development of modern biological sciences through an ever more sophisticated understanding at the molecular level. Long are gone the days when Emil Fischer, who can be credited as having established biochemistry... 

In synthetic target molecules esters, lactones, amides, and lactams are the most common carboxylic acid derivatives. In order to synthesize them from carboxylic acids one has generally to produce an activated acid derivative, and an enormous variety of activating reagents is known, mostly developed for peptide syntheses (M. Bodanszky, 1976). In actual syntheses of complex esters and amides, however, only a small selection of these remedies is used, and we shall mention only generally applicable methods. The classic means of activating carboxyl groups arc the acyl azide method of Curtius and the acyl chloride method of Emil Fischer. 

Of all the monosaccharides d (+) glucose is the best known most important and most abundant Its formation from carbon dioxide water and sunlight is the central theme of photosynthesis Carbohydrate formation by photosynthesis is estimated to be on the order of 10 tons per year a source of stored energy utilized directly or indi rectly by all higher forms of life on the planet Glucose was isolated from raisins m 1747 and by hydrolysis of starch m 1811 Its structure was determined in work culmi nating m 1900 by Emil Fischer... 

Schnider in Festschrift Emil Bareli, Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Swit2edand, 1946, p. 85 E. E. SneU and W. Shive,/ Biol Chem. 158, 551 (1945) ... 

In the past century, the brewing industry has been using scientific research in order to carry out brewing with increased proficiency and confidence. Louis Pasteur of Erance (4) and Emil Chr. Hansen of Denmark did much to elucidate the mysteries of fermentation. 

The above procedure is based on that of Emil Fischer. ... 

Theory of arc plasma Emits ions of H. around 7O0i and remaining as Emits ions of Nn (SOVr i and (20fJ i and metallic Emils ions ol S" (protons). Emils metallic vapour from... 

Private communication, Emil J. Rahrs, Eastman Kodak Company. 

Prior to 1890, formaldehyde was not commercially available [2]. Thus the first phenol-formaldehyde resins were made using formaldehyde equivalents such as methylene diacetate or methylal [2,20]. The first true phenol-formaldehyde resin was made by Kleeberg at the direction of Emil Fisher in 1891 [2,21]. Saliginen (o-hydroxymethyl phenol) was recognized as a condensation product of phenol and formaldehyde in 1894 and was the subject of United States patents in 1894 and 1896 [22,23]. 

Design and evaluation of passive cooling potential by natural nighttime emilation... 

Interfacial Phenomena in Chromatography, edited by Emile Pefferkorn... 

Stereochemistry deals with the three-dimensional ariangement of a molecule s atoms, and we have attempted to show stereochemistry with wedge-and-dash drawings and computergenerated models. It is possible, however, to convey stereochemical information in an abbreviated form using a method devised by the German chemist Emil Fischer. 

Kauffman, G. B., and Priebe, P. M., 1990. The Emil Fi.scher-William Ram.sey friendship. Journal of Chemical Education 67 93-101. 

Pioneering enzyme specificity studies at the turn of the century by the great organic chemist Emil Eischer led to the notion of an enzyme resembling a lock and its particular substrate the key. This analogy captures the essence of the specificity that exists between an enzyme and its substrate, but enzymes are not rigid templates like locks. 

As described in Chapter 19, Emile Van Schaftingen and Henri-Gery Hers demonstrated in 1980 that fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is a potent stimulator of phosphofructokinase. Cognizant of the reciprocal nature of regulation in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Van Schaftingen and Hers also considered the... 

In 1896, Emil Fisher found that 2,5-diphenyloxazole hydrochloride was precipitated by passing gaseous hydrogen chloride into an absolute ether solution of benzaldehyde and benzaldehyde cyanohydrin. The oxazole hydrochloride can be converted to the free base by addition of water or by boiling with alcohol. Many different aromatic aldehydes and cyanohydrin combinations have been converted to 2,5-diaryloxazoles 4 by this procedure in 80% yield. ... 

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