Nobel Prize, Emil Fischer

As already mentioned, the glucoamylase project was chosen to illustrate Emil Fischer s lock and key concept for enzyme specificity. It is seen that his vision has become unequivocally established. Many other developments could have been chosen, as can be appreciated from recent reviews by Hehre (54) and by Svensson (55). Comforth (56) provided a fine overview of asymmetry and enzyme action in his Nobel prize lecture. Noteworthy is the conclusion that stereospecificity is something not just incidental, but essential to enzyme catalysis. In other words, the key must fit the lock. 

FISCHER, HANS (1881-1945). A German biochemist who studied under Emil Fischer. He was awarded the Nobel prize in chemistry in 1930 lor his synthesis of the blood pigment hcmin. He also did important fundamental research on chlorophyll, and porphyrins, and carotene. 

Emil Fischer Berlin Univ., Germany lock-and-key concept (Nobel prize 1902)... 

Figure 3.3 Nobel Prize winning chemist Emil Fischer at work in his laboratory. Corbis...

Emil Hermann Fischer, born October 9, 1852, in Euskirchen, Germany, received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1902 for his elucidations of the structure of sugars and the synthesis of purines. His father, a very successful lumber merchant, intended Emil to join the family business upon completion of his secondary school education. Young Fischer showed exceptional abilities as a student in the natural sciences, particularly in physics. In 1859 he dutifully entered his father s business, but showed little aptitude for commerce. In frustration his father enrolled him at the University of Bonn in 1871 to study chemistry, which at least had practical applications. 

Emil Fisoher (1852-1919), discovered phenyl-hydrazine as a PhD student In 1875, succeeded Hofmann at Berlin in 190Qwhdre he built the then largest chemical institute in the world, end was awarded the Nobel prize in 1902. As well as his work on indexes, he laid thd foundations of carbohydrate chemistry by completing the structure and synthesis of the main sugars, if only he hadn t also invented Fischer projections ... 

Both Fischer projections and the Kiliani-Fischer synthesis are named after Emil Fischer, a noted chemist of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1902 for his work in carbohydrate chemistry. Fischer s most elegant work is the subject of Section 27.11. 

Otto Paul Hermann Diels (1876-1954) was born In Hamburg, Germany, and received his Ph.D. at the University of Berlin working with Emil Fischer. He was professor of chemistry both at the University of Berlin (1906-1916) and at Kiel (1916-1948). His most important discovery was the so-called Diels-Alder reaction, which he developed with one of his research students and for which he received the 1950 Nobel Prize in chemistry. 

Fischer, Emil. (1852-1919). A German organic chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in chemistry (1902) for his original research in the chemistry of purines and sugars. He was professor of Chemistry at the University of Berlin (1882), succeeding Hofmann. He synthesized fructose and glucose and elucidated their stereochemical configurations he also established the nature of uric acid and its deriva-... 

Fischer, Emil (1852-1919). Basic research on sugars, purines, uric acid, enzymes, nitric acid, ammonia. Pioneer work in stereochemistry. Nobel Prize 1902. 

It is the mode of existence of human society that whatever is discovered/ invented in science/technology, art, and social life will sooner or later be evaluated, mastered, copied/modified/multiplied by others. History is the witness that this is the basic mechanism responsible for development. Just for illustration Emil Fischer (recipient of the 1902 Nobel Prize for chemistry), the pioneer of chemical syntheses that opened the way for the development of carbohydrate and protein chemistry, irreversibly changed the history of a branch of science. Similarly, the van Eyck brothers, who first intentionally used the oil technique, irreversibly changed the history of painting, and so on and so forth. 

The sugar structures shown in Figures 7.1 and 7.2 are known as Fischer projections (in honor of the great Nobel prize-winning German chemist Emil Fischer). 

Emil Fischer (1852-1919). German chemist. Regarded by many as the greatest organic chemist of the nineteenth century, Fischer made many significant contributions in the synthesis of sugars and other important molecules. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1902. 

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