Erlenmeyer, Emil

Erlenmeyer, Emil. "Vorlaufige Notiz tiber eine etwas abgeanderte Betrachtungs-weise der Alkohole und ihrer Derivate." Zeitschrift ftir Chemie 4 (1861) 202-4. 

Shortly after the tetravalent nature of carbon was proposed, extensions to the Kekule-Couper theory were made w7hen the possibility of multiple bonding between atoms was suggested. Emil Erlenmeyer proposed a carbon-carbon triple bond for acetylene, and Alexander Crum Brown proposed a carbon-carbon double bond for ethylene. In 1865, Kekule provided another major advance when he suggested that carbon chains can double back on themselves to form rings of atoms. 

Heinrich Kiliani (1855-1945) was born in Wiirzburg. Germany, and received a Ph.D. at the University of Munich with Emil Erlenmeyer. He was professor of chemistry at the University of Freiburg, where he worked on the chemistry of the heart stimulant drug digitoxin. 

Erlenmeyer, E., Jr. Ann. 1893, 275, 1. Emil Erlenmeyer, Jr. (1864—1921) was bom in Heidelberg, Germany to Emil Erlenmeyer (1825—1909), a famous chemistry professor at the University of Heidelberg. He investigated the Erlenmeyer-Plochl azlactone synthesis while he was a Professor of Chemistry at Strasburg. 

Emil Erlenmeyer (1825-1909), the editor of the Zeitschrift fiir Chemie, understood Butlerov s models better than most of his contemporaries, and published the paper in his journal. To him is due much of the credit for the rise of popularity of Butlerov s ideas. 

Phenylalanine was first obtained by Schultze and Barbieri in 1879 (779, 780) from etiolated lupine sprouts. Its structure was shown (781) by comparison with synthetic material prepared independently by Erlenmeyer and co-workers in 1882 (228). Synthetic nn-phenylalanine was first optically resolved in 1900 (267). The difficulty of isolating phenylalanine from protein hydrolyzates prevented recognition of its widespread occurrence in proteins until after Emil Fischer had developed his method for separation of the amino acids by fractional distillation of their esters. 

More recently, in Germany, since 1993 there have been a series of annual conferences, named after the German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer, devoted to philosophical topics in chemistry. It is significant that this is the first time in recent history that the phrase "philosophy of chemistry" has actually appeared in the title of any major event. In 1994 the International Conference on Philosophy of Chemistry was launched. Since 1996 there have been summer symposia on the philosophy of chemistry and biochemistry sponsored by the International Society for the Philosophy of Chemistry. In 1997 there was a special session held on chemistry and philosophy at the annual conference of the American Chemical Society. In the fall of 1998 there was a special, first-ever session on the philosophy of chemistry held at the Philosophy of Science meetings. Importantly, journals devoted to the history and philosophy of chemistry have been launched Hyle, and, most recently. Foundations of Chemistry. 

The molecular formula for cinnamaldehyde was determined in 1834 by the French chemists Jean Baptiste Andre Dumas (1800-1884) and Eugene Melchior Peligot (1811-1890), although its structural formula was deciphered only in 1866 by the German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer (1825-1909). 

Naphthalene (NAF-thuh-leen) is a white crystalline volatile solid with a characteristic odor often associated with mothballs. The compound sublimes (turns from a solid to a gas) slowly at room temperature, producing a vapor that is highly combustible. Naphthalene was first extracted from coal tar in 1819 by English chemist and physician John Kidd (1775- l85i). Coal tar is a brown to black thick liquid formed when soft coal is burned in an insufficient amount of air. It consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, similar to that found in petroleum. Kidd s extraction of naphthalene was of considerable historic significance because it demonstrated that coal had other important applications than its use as a fuel. It could also be utilized as the source of chemical compounds with a host of important commercial and industrial uses. Naphthalene s chemical structure was determined by the German chemist Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer (1825-1909). Erlenmeyer showed that the naphthalene molecule consists of two benzene molecules joined to each other. 

Erlenmeyer flask /er-len-my-er/ A conical glass laboratory flask with a narrow neck. It is named for the German chemist Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer (1825-1909). 

Kekule was not the only important protagonist in the rise of the set of ideas that was ultimately consolidated under the rubric "structure theory" for example, in addition to Williamson, Adolphe Wurtz, Emil Erlenmeyer, Hermann Kolbe, and Edward Frankland also played vital roles. At the time of the birth of the theory all of these men occupied respected positions in their field. Chapter 5 looks at four outsiders— Archibald Couper, Joseph Loschmidt, Aleksandr Butlerov, and Alexander Crum Brown—who at this time were relatively new to the science, but who made their marks in sometimes transformative ways during the years 1858-64. All four had definite ideas on how molecules should be conceived by the scientist and best represented for heuristic purposes. A tour of these figures provides a fuller understanding of the range of responses, opportunities, and creative options that were available during these tumultuous years in the science, and suggests par-... 

HDN Hugo-Dingler-Nachlass, Emil Erlenmeyer Nachlass,... 

Conrad, M. "Emil Erlenmeyer." Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 43 (1910) 3645-64. 

Kratz, Otto. "Emil Erlenmeyer, 1825-1909." Chemie in unsererZeit 6 (1972) ... 

Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer (E. Erlenmeyer senr.) (Wahren or Wehren, nr. Wiesbaden, 28 June 1825-Aschaffenburg, 22 January 1909) studied in Giessen and was at first a pharmacist. From 1855 he (with Baeyer) became one of Kekul6 s first private students in Heidelberg, where he later taught in a private laboratory. He was then professor in the Munich Poly-technicum (1868-83). 

Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer 0 unr.) (Heidelberg 14 July 1864-7 February 1921), son of R. A. C. E. Erlenmeyer, was associate professor in Strasbourg (1896) and later worked in the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, Dahlem. He developed a theory of partial valencies, investigated molecular rearrangements, and synthesised serine and cystine, and phenylalanine. He resolved... 

Erlenmeyer," whilst Kekule s, R-N—N-X was adopted by Emil Fischer in his work on phenylhydrazine (1875, P- He thought the formula of phenylhydrazine is more simply related to its preparation from a diazocompound if the formula of this is QH N N X, Blomstrand s formula... 

In 1866, Emil Erlenmeyer explained aromaticity on the basis of specific reactivity he also suggested the structural formula for naphthalene, which was confirmed by Carl Graebe in 1868. 

Erlenmeyer, Richard August Carl Emil (1825-1909) German chemist who, for his synthetic work, designed the conical Erlenmeyer flask known to all college chemistry students. He synthesized a number of important organic compounds, including guanidine, tyrosine, and isobutyric acid. 

---