Embryonic zinc

Numeroits diverse compoimds have been shown to mediate developmental toxicity by altering maternal and embryo/fetal zinc metabolism. For example, the saponin, a-hed-erirt, which is a component of oriental herbs used to treat hepatitis and infectious diseases, has been shown to induce maternal liver MT and zinc concentrations and result in decreased embryonic zinc, and increased malformations. Using an oral dose of the radioactive isotope Zn, Duffy and coworkers showed that the tissue distribution of Zn reflected the increase in hepatic MT. When rat embryos were cirltured in serum taken from rats two hours after a-hederin treatment (e.g. before the increase in maternal hver MT production), embryo development was normal. In contrast, embryos cultured in serum taken from rats 18 hours after a-hederin treatment (e.g., peak MT production) developed multiple abnormalities. The addition of zinc to the 18-hoirr post-a-hederin treated serum resulted in normal embryonic development indicating that the low zinc content of the serum was directly responsible for the a-hederin-induced teratogenicity. 

Lai, Z., Fortini, M. E., and Rubin, G. M. (1991). The embryonic expression patterns if zfh-1 and zfh-2, two Drosophila genes encoding novel zinc-finger homeodomain proteins. Mech. Dev. 34 123-134. 

Sayer, M.D.J., J.P. Reader, and R. Morris. 1991. Embryonic and larval development of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. exposure to aluminium, copper, lead or zinc in soft, acid water. Jour. Fish Biol. 38 431-455. 

Blamberg, D.L., U.B. Blackwood, W.C. Supplee, and G.F. Combs. 1960. Effect of zinc deficiency in hens on hatchability and embryonic development. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. Med. 104 217-220. 

Kaji, T., R. Kawatani, M. Takata, T. Hoshino, T. Miyahara, H. Konzuka, and F. Koizumi. 1988. The effects of cadmium, copper or zinc on formation of embryonic chick bone in tissue culture. Toxicology 50 303-316. 

Injection of zinc chloride solution into the testes of 49 Syrian hamsters resulted in areas of necrosis occupying about 25% of each testis two embryonal carcinomas of the testis were found 10 weeks later at necropsy/ There is no evidence that zinc compounds are carcinogenic after administration by any other route/... 

Guthrie J, Guthrie OA Embryonal carcinomas in Syrian hamsters after intratesticular inoculation of zinc chloride during seasonal testicular growth. Cancer Res 34 2612-2613, 1974... 

Thio, L. L. and Zhang, H. X. (2006). Modulation of inhibitory glycine receptors in cultured embryonic mouse hippcampal neurons by zinc, thiol containing redox agents and carno-sine. Neuroscience 139, 1315-1327. 

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of calcium- and/or zinc-dependent endopeptidases involved in degradation of extracellular matrix and tissue remodelling (7). At least 21 mammalian MMPs have been described. They participate in various biological processes, such as embryonic development, ovulation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, wound heahng, and nerve growth. 

Zinc (mRNA) nc 0. tshawytscha Embryonic (CHSE) cell line 188... 

Jankowski MA, Ueiu-Haee JY, Rucker RB, Rogers JM and Keen CL (1995) Maternal zinc deficiency but not copper deficiency or diabetes, results in increased embryonic cell death in the rat implications for mechanisms underlying abnormal development. Teratology 51 85-93. 

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