Electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry materials used

The on-line coupling of CE with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) allows high separation efficiency together with high sensitivity and selectivity as well as molecular structural information. A CE-UV-ESI-MS method was developed for the analysis of hoscyamine, scopolamine, and other tropane derivatives [131]. The differentiation of hyoscyamine from littorine, commonly encountered in plant material, was demonstrated using in-source collision-induced dissociation. The developed method was applied to the analysis of these alkaloids in Belladonna leaf extract and in Datura Candida x D. awreahairy root extract. Recently, CE coupled with electrochemiluminescence detection has been used for the determination of atropine and scopolamine in Flos daturae [132]. 

Analyses of tropane alkaloids are mainly carried out by GC and HPLC and to a lesser extent by CE. This review describes recent applications developed for the analysis of this class of compounds in plant materials and biological matrices. Of course, mass spectrometry is generally used as the detection technique because of its high sensitivity and selectivity, but other techniques such as UV, fluorescence, flame ionization detection, nuclear magnetic resonance, among others have also been investigated. Finally, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is reported as a new interesting detection technique for the rapid analysis of samples without any sample preparation. 

A specific example of the continuity between applied and fundamental research, of direct relevance to the subject of this book (see Chapter 5), is provided by the direct line of development starting from an electrostatic paint sprayer designed for industrial use, through attempts by materials scientists to prepare single molecules of synthetic polymers in the gas phase to enable fundamental studies, to the eventual award of a Nobel Prize to John B. Fenn for the invention of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and its application to biochemistry and molecular biology. 

This review provides an up-to-date overview of the application of analytical procedures based on MS for the characterization of organic natural materials in archaeological and historical objects. Applications that feature the use of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Py-GC/MS, high performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS), and direct MS analysis such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and direct exposure mass spectrometry (DE-MS) are sununarized to highlight the different information provided by each of the various analytical approaches. Case studies and examples are also presented and include a description of the molecular markers and of the molecular profiles that are used to identify the original materials. 

Van Elslande, E., Guerineau, V.,Thirioux, V, Richard, G, Richardin, R, Laprevote, O., Hussler, G,Walter, P. (2008) Analysis of ancient Greco-Roman cosmetic materials using laser desorption ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 390,1873-1879. 

The reaction of l,2-dichloro-4,5-dinitrobenzene with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide results in substitution of a nitro-group by hydroxide. However, in hydroxide concentrations greater than 2 mol-dm", only the formation of monohydroxy- and dihydroxy-adducts (42) is observed, and acidification yields the original reactant. The cyanide adduct (43) of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene has been observed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, using acetonitrile as the cyanide source. X-ray structures of the stable crystalline adducts formed from 4,6-dinitrobenzofiiroxan and dodecyl- and hexadecyl-amine have been reported. There has also been a report, related to the destruction of energetic materials, of Meisenheimer complex formation during the alkaline hydrolysis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitroanisole. ... 

Detection techniques of high sensitivity, selectivity, and ease of coupling with sample preparation procedures are of special interest for measuring PGM content in biological and environmental samples. ICP MS, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS), adsorptive voltammetry (AV), and neutron activation analysis (NAA) have fotmd the widest applications, both for direct determination of the total metal content in the examined samples and for coupling with instrumental separation techniques. Mass spectrometry coupled with techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) (e.g., ESI MS", LC ESI MS", LC ICP MS, CE MS", and CE ICP MS) offer powerful potential for speciation analysis of metals. MS is widely used for examination of the distribution of the metals in various materials (elemental analysis) and for elucidation of the... 

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