Directed line

If the development is so far from shore that direct line of sight communication is not possible, then satellite communications will be installed, with one platform acting as a satellite link for the area. 

The core of the network is the region of the rail network in which the branch line of two transformer substations or of any other branch line is less than 2 km distant in a direct line. All branch lines outside the core of the network are termed outlying lines. In a branched rail network, not only the stretches of line within a circle with a radius of 2 km from the most negative return current point of a transformer substation belong to the core of the network, but also connecting branch lines that are less than 2 km from each other [1]. The area of a network core can be simply determined on a track plan with the help of a circular template as in Fig. 15-1. 

Historically, both the tricyclic antipsychotic and antidepressant agents are derived in almost direct line from a series of tricyclic antihistaminic compounds (see 104 below). Minor changes in structure in some of the newer... 

Figure 10-4E. Longitudinal finned-tube tank suction direct line heater. (Used by permission Brown Fintube Co., A Koch Engineering Co., Bui. 4-5.)...

Each mentee was allocated to a mentor drawn from the executive team (including the Chief Executive and Chairman). Pairings were based on the mentee s development needs, the strengths and style of the mentor, an avoidance of direct line relationship, and geographical feasibility. 

Acceptance of input from outside the hierarchy. Mentees are likely to be open to entering a developmental mentoring relationship with a mentor who stems from any environment - perhaps from another department or external to the company. Adherence to hierarchy. Mentees are likely to seek input from people who are in a more or less direct line relationship with them - e.g. their line-manager or his or her boss. Developmental input from an external source is unlikely to be accepted. 

However, it was Maxwell in 1848 who showed that molecules have a distribution of velocities and that they do not travel in a direct line. One experimental method used to show this was that ammonia molecules are not detected in the time expected, as derived from their calculated velocity, but arrive much later. This arises l om the fact that the ammonia molecules tnterdiffuse among the air moixules by intermolecular collisions. The molecular velocity calculated for N-ls molecules from the work done by Joule in 1843 was 5.0 xl02 meters/sec. at room temperature. This implied that the odor of ammonia ought to be detected in 4 millisec at a distance of 2.0 meters from the source. Since Maxwell observed that it took several minutes, it was fuUy obvious that the molecules did not travel in a direct path. 

Every n vector can be represented as a point in an -dimensional coordinate space. The n elements of the vector are the coordinates along n basis vectors, such as defined in the previous section. The null vector 0 defines the origin of the coordinate space. Note that the origin together with an endpoint define a directed line segment or axis, which also represents a vector. Hence, there is an equivalence between points and axes, which can both be thought as geometrical representations of vectors in coordinate space. (The concepts discussed here are extensions of those covered previously in Sections 9.2.4 to 9.2.5.)... 

It has been shown in Chapter 29 that the set of vectors of the same dimension defines a multidimensional space S in which the vectors can be represented as points (or as directed line segments). If this space is equipped with a weighted metric defined by W, it will be denoted by the symbol S. The squared weighted distance between two points representing the vectors x and y in is defined by the weighted scalar product ... 

The effective shielding of the detector system from direct and cascade radiation from the Co/Rh source is also very important. A graded shield consisting of concentric tubes of brass, tantalum, and lead was selected. The thickness and the shape of different parts of the shielding were optimized so that nearly zero direct 122 and 136 keV radiation (emitted by the Co source) was in a direct line with the detectors (see Fig. 3.16). 

In nonwoven geotextiles, the fibers are much thinner but far more numerous. The various types are needle-punched, resin-bond, and melt-bond. All contain a labyrinth of randomly oriented fibers that cross one another so that there is no direct line of flow. The fabric must have enough open space to allow liquid to pass through, while simultaneously retaining any upstream movement of particles. The needle-punched nonwoven type is very commonly used as a filter material. 

AFS quantifies the discrete radiation emitted by excited state atoms that have been excited by radiation from a spectral source. There are a number of mechanisms that are responsible for the atomic fluorescence signal resonance fluorescence, step-wise fluorescence, direct-line fluorescence, and sensitized fluorescence. Generally, the lowest resonance transition (l->0) is used for AFS. If a line source is used for excitation and if the atomic vapor is dilute, then the radiant power of the atomic... 

Low afterpulsing due to ion or photon feedback to the photocathode and low prepulsing due to photoelectron generation from dynodes. The lack of a direct line of... 

Inasmuch as flavins can accommodate two electrons but possess a relatively stable one-electron intermediate, an obvious question which can be asked of any flavin-mediated two electron redox reaction is whether or not the mechanism includes the radical species on a direct line between reactants and products. The mere observation of semiquinones in a reaction mixture is not sufficient evidence for their intermediacy, due to the existence of side reactions such as comproportionation (F -I- FH2 2 FH-) which can generate radicals rapidly. Bruice has discussed this question from a physical-organic point of view and concluded that there must exist a competition between one-electron and two-electron processes and that the actual mechanism should be determined mainly by the free energy of formation of substrate radical and the nucleophilicity of the substrate. Bruice has analyzed a variety of systems which he feels should proceed via one-electron mechanisms among these are quinone and carbonyl group reduction by FH2... 

The expression 5/ is often pronounced 5 modulo equivalence or S mod equivalence. If possible and convenient, we refer to the equivalence by name for example, vectors are directed line segments modulo translation and antiderivatives are functions modulo constants . We leave the details of applying Definition 1.3 to vectors and antiderivatives to the interested reader in Exercises 1.19 and 1.20. 

It is no iincommoh thing to And long lead flues attached to the chamber, for the purpose of carrying off the residual vapors to the chimney. These flues invariably teko a most circuitous course, many times longer than the direct route and as frequently there is no obstacle or ether such reason why the flue should not follow the most direct line, one iB inclined to... 

Vectors. A physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction can be represented by a directed line segment or vector in three-dimensional space. Let A be a vector quantity. (We use boldface type for vectors.) We set up a Cartesian coordinate system xyz and denote vectors of unit length along the x, y, and z axes by i, j, and k, respectively. If Ax, Ayy and Az are the projections of A on the x, y, and z axes, then A is given by... 

Exercise. A W-matrix can be represented by a graph in which the vertices represent the states and a directed line is drawn from one vertex n to another n when Wn>n > 0. How are the transient and absorbing states in such a graph characterized ... 

Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is used for the deposition of semiconductor, insulator, and metal layers in the fabrication of a variety of electronic devices. Reactors for PVD are characterized by direct line-of-sight transport of molecular species from the gas phase to the desired substrate, where they react to form solid films with the desired properties. A reactor-and-reaction analysis of PVD quantitatively examines the generation of gas-phase species, spatial distribution of species arriving on the substrate, and surface reactions leading to film growth. 

A wide variety of names are used in the electronic industry for various types of reactors, but two broad classifications of reactors based on the means by which the molecular species are delivered to the substrate are useful direct line-of-sight impingement and diffusive-convective mass transfer. The term chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been used generally to describe... 

All air quality-related legislation is based on the presumption of a direct line connecting emissions, ambient air quality, exposure, uptake, dose and effect. Pursuing this idea, regulation starts at the point of emission. Whilst the emissions... 

---