Electric power substations

See also-. Climatic Effects Consumption Domestic Energy Use Electric Motor Systems Electric Power, Generation of Electric Power, System Protection, Control, and Monitoring of Electric Power Substations Electric Power Transmission and Distribution Systems Government and the Energy Marketplace Regulation and Rates for Electricity. 

An electric power substation is a facility that provides a junction between parts of the power grid. The substation s functions, critical for the proper operation of the power system, include the interconnection of power lines from different parts of the system the monitoring and control of system operating conditions and the protection of the power system equipment. 

Electric Power Substations Electric Power Transmission and Distribution Systems... 

The North American electric power transmission system has been described as the largest, most complex machine ever built by humanity. It is a massive network of generating stations, transmission lines, substations, distribution lines, motors, and other electrical loads all interdependently linked for the conversion, transportation, and control of electrical energy. Approximately 60 percent of all energy utilized in the United States passes through the interconnected electric power system. The major goal of the system is to most efficiently and reliably deliver electric power from generating stations to residential, commercial, and industrial consumers. 

Electric power is almost always transmitted as three-phase AC current. In domestic use, current is often distributed from a substation at 13,200, 6,600, or 2,300 V, which is stepped down by a transformer close to the point of use to 600, 480, and 240 V for three-phase current for commercial power and 240 and 120 V for single-phase, three-wire current for household power and lights. If DC current is required, synchronous converters or rectifiers are used to convert the AC supply to DC. 

Both scrubbers will be supplied with three sources of electrical power - the main grid supply, a back-up grid supply from a different substation and an emergency diesel generator. In the emergency chlorine scrubber, critical equipment items will be backed-up by automatic start-up of stand-by equipment. A gravity head tank of caustic soda and a nitrogen ejector will also be provided to allow safe neutralisation of chlorine vents in the event of total power failure. 

In the electric power industry, open sources of information—such as product data and educational videotapes from engineering associations—can be used to understand the basics of the electrical grid. Other publicly available information—including filings of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), industry publications, maps, and material available on the Internet—is sufficient to allow someone to identify the most heavily loaded transmission lines and the most critical substations in the power grid. 

Bennett (1994) argues that poor people are more subject to disease and more likely to live near electric-power eyesores, such as substations. Thus, we find a spurious relationship between proximity to electric-power facilities and cancer. 

In 2008, SuperPower, Inc., an electric power component manufacturer in Schenectady, New York, produced a 1,311 meter (.814 mile) length of HTS wire, a new record for the industry. SuperPower recently completed the Albany Cable Project in which a 350 meter (1,148 feet) HTS underground cable was installed in the National Grid power system connecting two substations in Albany, New York. 

Nearly 160,000 miles of high-voltage electrical transmission lines in the United States carry power from power stations to load centers (Edison Electric Institute, 2002). In addition, distribution lines carry the power from substations to end users. The electrical power system is fundamentally different from the liquid or gaseous fuel supply systems, which involve fluid flows that are relatively easy to direct and control. Electric power flow, which is dictated by complex physics principles, can often be difficult to control. 

Electrical - power wiring, MCC, substation, X-former, instrument wiring, grounding poles, pole lines, lightning arrestors. 

Electric main substations, transformers, switchgear, and power lines ... 

Th e normal electrical power is provided to the MTR site substation through the RTS (Reactor Testing Station) Central Facilities Control Station over a-high-line operating at 132 kv. This high-line comprises part of the ultimate RTS distribution system which initially provides only a single power feeder to the MTR and other sites. When the present plan for distribution of power at 132 kv within the RTS area is complete, this feeder will, be extended through the area and back to the Central Facilities Control Station to provide a loop transmission system. The loop system will, in effect, provide two feeders to each of the sites so that power transmission to any site may be over either one or both sections of the loop associated with the site. 

The transmission of normal electric power is by a dual feeder system, wherein a feeder is extended from each of the two 2400-volt substation bus sections to each of a number of site load centers. In addition to breaker protection at each end of the feeders, there is a breaker between the feeders at each load center to prevent circulatory power transmission. Thus each load center has in effect a two-section bus. Wherever economy of design and division of processes or facilities has permitted, dual power feed is carried onto.the load so that faulting of one part of the distribution system affects only part of a given load. 

As the modernization of distribution substations and the installation of remote-controlled systems within electrical distribution networks in the Northern Moravian region have not ceased, there are ftirther opportunities (with benefits) to utihse procedures and methods of the multi-criteria analysis as included within the MCA8 software. The results have actually shown that the modernizations and installations of new devices were implemented at the most convenient areas within the electrical distribution network as there has been a significant reduction of failure duration within the network resulting in improved reliabihty of the supply of electric power to customers. That fact is actually proven by the analysis of effects conducted for remote-controUed devices with respect to operation parameters of a selected section of the electrical distribution network described in the final part of this paper. 

The power substation is of course the first main electrical component to be put into service since it is required to be functional during construction of the mine. In the present case, an interim power configuration was put into service to supply power to the production hoist. At that time, the 8000 HP Hoist Drive (ARU based front end) used for shaft sinking is than the main electrical load in service the damping effect normally resulting from other heavy electrical loads is not yet there. 

Building 1S1 1K is the substation providing electrical power to K-Reactor. Building 151-lK receives electrical power from the SRS 115 KV grid and supplies 13.8 KV. Additionally, the substation provides 480 Volts AC for internal substation use as wdl as 125 Volts DC for external use. In addition, Buildup 151-K will be maintained during tiie Cold standby condition. 

Distribution substations serve as the source for primary distribution feeders. They receive bulk electric power at high voltages and reduce the voltage to distribution primary values. Also associated with a substation are provisions for protection from faults, for voltage regulation, and for data acquisition and monitoring. 

Substation It serves as the source for primary distribution feeders. Receives bulk electric power at high voltages and reduces the voltage to distribution primary values. 

Two independent electrical power systems are provided to power critical pumps and components In the heat removal system. Equipment is divided between the two independent power sources and the equipment on each power source Is sufficient to shutdown and maintain the shutdown reactor Indefinitely without fuel damage. Thus each system acts as an operating backup to the other system. These two electrical supplies are supplemented by an electrical Intertie to the D and H Reactor area substations which was provided for construction. 

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