Electric power facilities

Reduce mercury emission from coal-fired electric power facilities... 

Bennett (1994) argues that poor people are more subject to disease and more likely to live near electric-power eyesores, such as substations. Thus, we find a spurious relationship between proximity to electric-power facilities and cancer. 

A process flow schematic of the demonstration unit1 installed at the Tokyo Electric Power facility at Goi. Japan and in operation since 1983 is shown in Fig. 4, Fuel cell generalors have three unique major subsystems that are unfamiliar to electric utilities (1) A fuel processing subsystem, (2) a fuel cell power section, and (3) a power conditioning subsystem. Sec Fig. 5. 

The principal material required for a hydroelectric power facility is water (as energy supply and cooling). The potential impacts of hydroelectric power generation are primarily related to the impact of the physical structure, i.e., the dam, that is required for storage and management of the water used to power the turbines, and its effect on the local ecosystem in the river that has been converted to an electric power facility. Some negative impacts may include ... 

Air pollution control devices (gas cleaning devices) (Chapter 23) found in fossil fuel-fired systems (particularly steam electric power facilities) include particulate removal equipment, sulfur oxide (SOx) removal equipment, and nitrogen oxide (NOx) removal equipment. 

Another possibility is to develop a direct gas turbine system at high temperature and pressure to increase the efficiency. Since helium has small cross section for neutron capture and is also chemically inactive, no induced radioactivity and no corrosion products can be expected in the coolant. Furthermore, the oxidative microparticle fuel coated with layers such as pyrolytic carbon or silicon carbide is expected to prevent the release of the fission gas into the coolant. Eventually the HTGR is suited to adopt the direct cycle, i.e., the gas turbine cycle, which allows building a more compact electric-power facility than the indirect cycle with a steam turbine system. While the thermal efficiency of electricity generation by steam turbine is about 40%, the gas turbine cycle can increase the efficiency up to ca. 50%. 

Nagai, Y. and N. Fukusono. 2004. Lightning surge propagation on an electric power facility connected with feeder lines from a pole transformer. KEPCO Research Committee of Insulation Condition Technologies, Osaka, Japan. 

Electric power generation using biomass as a fuel is economic in situations where the cost of the fuel is competitive with that of fossil fuels. The cost of a commercially available biomass steam—electric power plant is about 1500/kW for a wood-fired facility. If wood can be obtained at a cost of 2.00/GJ ( 2.10 X 10 /Btu), the total cost of power for base-load operation would be about 0.05/kWh. If wood or agricultural wastes are available at... 

An explosion and fire (March 13, 1991) occurred at an ethylene oxide unit at Union Carbide Chemicals Plastics Co. s Seadrift plant in Port Lavaca, TX, 125 miles southwest of Houston. The blast killed one, injured 19, and idled the facility, that also produces ethylene, ethylene glycol, glycol ether ethanolamines, and polyethylene. Twenty-five residents were evacuated for several hours as a safety precaution. The plant lost all electrical power, for a few days, because its cogeneration unit was damaged. The Seadrift plant, with 1,600 workers, is capable of making 820 million lb per year of ethylene oxide which is one-third of Carbide s worldwide production of antifreeze, polyester fibers, and surfactants Seadrift produces two thirds of Carbide s worldwide production of polyethylene. 

In the ease of an offshore facility, electrical power is generally ge ated on site by engine- or turbine-driven generator sets using natural or diesel as fuel. Most installations are designed to handle the total e tri. 1 even if one generator is out of service. To minimize the siz st quipment, some facilities have a system to automatically f... 

Failure of the utilities and ancillary systems occurs when one or more of tlie following is lost electric power, cooling water or otlier heal removal systems, steam or other heat supply systems, fuel, air, inert gas, or effluent disposal facilities. 

An occurrence external to die system/plant, such as an eardiquake or flood or an interrupdon of facilities such as electric power or process air. 

Suppose that tlie failure of either a generator or a switch will cause interruption of electrical power to a certain facility. If the probability of a generator failure is 0.02, tlie probability of switch failure is 0.01, and tlie probability of both failing is 0.0002, what is the probability of power interruption ... 

The advent of competition has virtually transformed the industry in evei y aspect, including its name. In the not too recent past, the industry was referred to as the electric utility industry. Today, given its significantly wide and numerous participants, it is more appropriate to refer to the industry as the electric power industry. This new power industry has new power generation and sales participants with names such as qualifying facilities, exempt wholesale generators, merchant facilities, small power production facilities, power marketers, and sales aggregators. 

An electric power system involves the production and transportation of electrical energy from generating facilities to energy-consuming customers. This is accomplished through a complex network of transmission lines, switching and transformer stations. 

An electric power substation is a facility that provides a junction between parts of the power grid. The substation s functions, critical for the proper operation of the power system, include the interconnection of power lines from different parts of the system the monitoring and control of system operating conditions and the protection of the power system equipment. 

As a fuel, municipal solid waste (MSW) does not compare too favorably with more traditional solid fuels, such as coal. M.SW averages somewhere around 4500 Btu/lb, versus coal at 10,500-13,000 Btu/lb. Flowever, given the current U.S. population of 250 million and the annual generation of waste per person of fifteen hundred pounds, the potential energy content in the annual waste generated in the U.S. alone is comparable to nearly seventy million tons of coal and has the potential to generate over 13,000 MW of electrical power. As of a published report in 1993, 128 facilities were actually in operation, with an additional... 

Most boiler plants with electrical power generating facilities employ surface condensers. These are shell-and-tube heat exchangers in either one-, two-, or four-pass configurations. Surface condensers typically receive cooling water on the tube-side and steam on the shell-side of the heat exchanger. The LP turbine steam generally is received at the top of the condenser and proceeds through the condenser in a downward flow, while the FW turbine exhaust steam enters at the side. 

Methanol contains no sulfur and produces very little nitrogen oxide pollutants when burned, making it a very clean combustion fuel. At a power generating facility, it could be used as a supplemental fuel for gas turbines to meet peak electricity generation requirements, or it could be sold over the fence to commercial fuel and chemical companies. A commercial-scale power facility might generate 200 to 350 MW of electricity, while also producing 150 to 1000 tons per day of methanol. 

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