Transmission of electricity

Optical connectors ate used to terminate and interconnect fiber optic cables (see Fiber OPTICS). Transmission of information by light through optical fibers made of glass or plastic is less expensive in many cases than transmission of electric signals through wire. An advantage of fiber optic technology is that it is... 

As of 2000, it also looks as though more and more electric utilities are becoming interested in fuel cell stacks as local microgenerators to top up power from large power stations, without the need for long-distance transmission of electricity and its attendant expense and power losses. 

Reaction constant for the transmission of electrical effects through atom X to Y. 

Waterpower fared better. When electrical engineers demonstrated the possibility of long-distance transmission of electrical power between 1875 and 1885, waterpower suddenly assumed new importance. Many ot the best waterpower sites had been untapped because they were in remote regions far... 

Italian-American physicist Nikola Tesla invents a motor that produces alternating current. This discovery changes the way electricity is transmitted over long distances. The first commercial, long-distance transmission of electricity takes place when a direct-current line provides power from Willamette Falls for street lights in Portland, Oregon. 

The cardiotonics affect the transmission of electrical impulses along the pathway of the conduction system of tiie heart. The conduction system of die heart is a group of specialized nerve fibers consisting of die SA node, die AV node, the bundle of His, and die branches of Purkinje (Fig. 39-2). Each heartbeat (or contraction of tiie ventricles) is tiie result of an electrical impulse tiiat normally starts in tiie SA node, is tiien received by die AV node, and travels down die bundle of His and through tiie Purkinje fibers (see Fig. 39-2). The heartbeat can be felt as a pulse at the wrist and otiier areas of die body where an artery is close to the surface or lies near a bone When the electrical impulse reaches the... 

We shall find it useful to consider three categories of conclusions transmission of electrical effects, composition of electrical effects, and other conclusions. 

Figure 4.4 Saltatory conduction. Transmission of electrical impulses in a myelinated axon occurs by way of saltatory conduction. Composed primarily of lipid, the myelin sheath insulates the axon and prevents generation of membrane potentials. Membrane potentials occur only at gaps in the myelin sheath, referred to as the nodes of Ranvier. Therefore, transmission of the impulse, or generation of action potentials, occurs only at the nodes.

Several factors influence synaptic transmission of electrical impulses ... 

Figure 6.4 Potential route of transmission of electrical impulses through association...

Methods have been presented, with examples, for obtaining quantitative structure-property relationships for alternating conjugated and cross-conjugated dienes and polyenes, and for adjacent dienes and polyenes. The examples include chemical reactivities, chemical properties and physical properties. A method of estimating electrical effect substituent constants for dienyl and polyenyl substituents has been described. The nature of these substituents has been discussed, but unfortunately the discussion is very largely based on estimated values. A full understanding of structural effects on dienyl and polyenyl systems awaits much further experimental study. It would be particularly useful to have more chemical reactivity studies on their substituent effects, and it would be especially helpful if chemical reactivity studies on the transmission of electrical effects in adjacent multiply doubly bonded systems were available. Only further experimental work will show how valid our estimates and predictions are. 

UCTE (2000). Hourly Load Values of a Specific Country Every Weekend of the Year 2000. The Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE). www.ucte.org. 

The compound consisting of yttrium, copper, and barium oxide, commonly called compound 1-2-3, was formed in 1987 by research scientists at the universities of Alabama and Houston. It had limited superconducting capabilities. It has been known for some time that conductors of electricity such as copper resist, to some extent, the flow of electrons at normal temperatures, but at temperatures near absolute zero (zero Kelvin = -273°C), this resistance to the flow of electrons in some materials is reduced or eliminated. The 1-2-3 compound proved to be superconducting at just 93°K, which is still much too cold to be used for everyday transmission of electricity at normal temperatures. Research continues to explore compounds that may achieve the goal of high-temperature superconductivity. 

Quantum chemical calculations on substituted alkanes are in agreement with a through-space (field) transmission of substituent electrical effects . In view of the ever-increasing evidence for through-space transmission of electrical effects, it is time to make a conclusive statement. There is no inductive-effect component in electrical-effect transmission ... 

The Brain Uses Energy for Transmission of Electrical Impulses... 

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