Electric motor systems advances

Extruder motors are usually electric, but some systems utilize hydraulic motors. For example, injection molding machines use hydraulics to develop clamp tonnage. Electric motors may be of the direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) types. Traditionally, DC motors, which regulate speed through voltage control, have been more popular because they could provide the necessary power at a lower cost. However, recent advances in frequency control - the technique used to regulate speed in AC motors - have caused this type of motor to become more widely used. 

Over the past two decades, compliance with stricter environmental requirements led to the rapid penetration of hybrid electric buses (HEBs)/EBs in urban transit bus fleets to improve fuel efficiency by 20-50% and, correspondingly, reduce exhaust emissions. Advanced technologies (lightweight materials for body, chassis, and seat assemblies stop-start systems for idle reduction improved batteries electric motors converters and power electronics) are also being deployed to further improve the fuel efficiency of advanced buses and urban air quality. 

The scheme for another installations is shown on Fig. 9,d. This installation uses a rubber clamp (16), in which the film being studied (2) is placed. The clamps edges (16) are fixed in the frame (12). The pattern (4) is fixed on the frame (12). A shaft (11) on which the system rests consist of a wheel (8) with channels and ferrado (9). A rope (7) is fixed to one edge by a clamp (3) and to a second by a wheel (8). On switching on electrical motor (17), the rope winds on the wheel, to which the rubber clamp is attached and advances the stencil step by step. When the clamp reaches the stencil the stretching of the film is finished, but the ferrado... 

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