Electric scooters

People who use electric scooters for mobility will require more space to maneuver because most scooters are much less maneuverable than a power wheelchair. 

Replace all gasoline motorcycles with electric scooters incrementally in year 2011, 2012 and 2013. 

According to all of the above policies, we discuss operation process for total motorcycle levels, total electric scooters, total CO2 emissions and others external factors to constract specific causal feedback loops (Fig. 26.3). 

Total electric scooters sub-model reflects the amount of electric scooters that the government imported. If carbon emission gap between total CO2 emissions and green transport carbon emission goal is positive, then the government imports electric scooters continually. The government stops the import policy if the carbon emission gap is zero or negative. 

Total CO2 emissions sub-model reflects the total CO2 emissions of gasoline motorcycles and electric scooters. The formulas for total CO2 emissions of gasoline motorcycles and electric scooters are shown as follows ... 

Total gasoline motorcycles (TGM) sub-model reflects the demands for buying gasoline motorcycles. The newly purchased motorcycles value is the maximum value which between annual motorcycles of demand deducts electric scooters increment and zero. And the annual motorcycle demand value which equals to the total demand for motorcycles deducts the total supply motorcycles. However, the total supply motorcycles consist of the TGM and the total electric scooters. The parameter values and the data sources of the related variables are listed in Table 26.7. 

This paper simulates four scenarios as shown in Table 26.8. Scenario 1 is business as usual (BAU), which represents non implementation of any green transportation policy. Scenario 2 is to subsidize 6,000 electric scooters per year in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Scenario 3 is to annually subsidize 6,000 electric scooters (year 2011 through year 2013) and also stop licensing two-stroke gasoline motorcycles. Scenario 4 is a... 

Annually replace 6,000 existing gasoline scooters with electric scooters and implement the rebate scheme in year 2011, 2012, and 2013... 

Lee D-T, Shiah S-J, Lee C-M, Wang Y-C (2007) State-of-charge estimation for electric scooters by using learning mechanisms. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 56 544—556. doi 10.1109/ TVT.2007.891433... 

Sky Energy is a Chinese lithium-ion power battery manufacturer. They cover a capacity range from 40 to 800 Ah. Core business of this firm is the manufacturing of batteries with a secure standard in production and inspection. Their main applications are EVs, HEVs, E-boats, electric scooters, solar power, power supply and military applications. 

In the light traction sector, the only marketable products in Germany are also manufactured by SFC Energy. They are based on the DMFC EFOY Pro Series. These devices are referred to as range extenders, internal chargers for the batteries of electric scooters or small electric cars with a maximum electric power of 90 W, which make the range of these vehicles greater. 

Bicycles and Scooters. Small electric motor-assisted bicycles and electric scooters have been in use since the early twentieth century. Other small electric vehicles include wheelchairs, skateboards, golf carts, lawn-mowers, and other equipment that typically does not require much power. For customers looking for fester vehicles, Oregon-based Brammo produces electric motorcycles that have a range of 100 miles at a speed of 100 miles per hour. These electric vehicles have... 

Industry and Business. One of the main business sectors for electronic vehicles includes forkhfts and other indoor equipment for confined or explosive environments, such as mines. Other sectors that have made profits over the past years include electric scooters and small electric bicycles. And while there is significant media attention on electric cars, both fuel cell and battery based, as well as hybrid-electric vehicles, their contribution to the global automobile market is negligibly small and requires significant governmental incentives to become a fairer part of the global automotive economy. 

Since 2002, lead-acid batteries have been widely used to power electric scooters, electric bicycles, and even electric vehicles. The worldwide lead-acid battery market was an approximately USD 60.3 billion industry in 2010. Its demand is projected to... 

Nickel-zinc provides the lowest-cost option for a long-cycle-life alkaline-rechargeable system. The nickel-zinc system is suited for mobile applications such as electric bicycles, electric scooters and electric and hybrid vehicles or other deep cycle applications. Nickel-zinc may also replace other nickel based batteries with a less expensive system. 

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