Communications effective

Many problems in health and safety arise due to poor communication. It is not just a problem between management and workforce - it is often a problem the other way or indeed at the same level within an organization. It arises from ambiguities or, even, accidental distortion of a message. 

There are three basic methods of communication in health and safety - verbal, written and graphic. 

Verbal communication is the most common. It is communication by speech or word of mouth. Verbal communication should only be used for relatively simple pieces of information or instruction. It is most commonly used in the workplace, during training sessions or at meetings. 

Having described some of the limitations of verbal communication, it does have some merits. It is less formal, enables an exchange of information to take place quickly and the message to be conveyed as near to the workplace as possible. Training or instructions that are delivered in this way are called toolbox talks and can be very effective. 

Written communication takes many forms from the simple memo to the detailed report. 

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In the development of new products, optimization of the fermentation medium for titer only often ignores the consequences of the medium properties on subsequent downstream processing steps such as filtration and chromatography. It is imperative, therefore, that there be effective communication and understanding between workers on the upstream and downstream phases of the produc t development if rational trade-offs are to be made to ensure overall optimahty of the process. One example is to make the conscious decision, in collaboration with those responsible for the downstream operations, whether to produce a protein in an unfolded form or in its native folded form the purification of the aggregated unfolded proteins is simpler than that of the native protein, but the refolding process itself to obtain the product in its final form may lack scalabihty. 

Effective communication between them is a vital consideration. 

The specific internal communications methods you use will depend on your company s culture and resources. You may find it useful to revisit the discussion provided in Section 2.3.2 (page 28), which covers some general principles of effective communications that apply here as well. What s different is that now you are ... 

Management policies are the source of many of the preconditions that give rise to systems failures. For example, if no explicit policy exists or if resources are not made available for safety critical areas such as procedures design, the effective presentation of process information, or for ensuring that effective communication systems exist, then human error leading to an accident is, at some stage, inevitable. Such policy failures can be regarded as another form of latent human error, and will be discussed in more detail in Section 2.7. 

Catalytic processes frequently require more than a single chemical function, and these bifunctional or polyfunctional materials innst be prepared in away to assure effective communication among the various constitnents. For example, naphtha reforming requires both an acidic function for isomerization and alkylation and a hydrogenation function for aromati-zation and saturation. The acidic function is often a promoted porous metal oxide (e.g., alumina) with a noble metal (e.g., platinum) deposited on its surface to provide the hydrogenation sites. To avoid separation problems, it is not unusual to attach homogeneous catalysts and even enzymes to solid surfaces for use in flow reactors. Although this technique works well in some environmental catalytic systems, such attachment sometimes modifies the catalytic specifici-... 

See also Atmosphere Climatic Effects Communications and Energy. 

Most inspection contracts - whether applied to insurance or not - are aimed at obtaining assurance that plant is safe to operate. If the client needs more than this he should therefore define his additional requirements with care and make sure that these have been effectively communicated. This will probably result in the inspection contract being treated as a one-off basis and a more personalized service should result. 

When we think about communication, we have a propensity to associate this term with written and oral messages. Effective communication goes beyond speaking and writing intelligibly it includes ... 

Being able to communicate - to read and write - about chemistiy. Today, communication at world level is based on texts and images. Being able to effectively communicate using the special vocabulary of chemistry enables a person to have access to that sphere of knowledge ... 

Responsibility for the safe transportation of chemicals rests with the chemical producers and their workforce, any haulier used and, to some extent, the customer (e.g. during offloading), as summarized in Figure 12.2. Effective communication is crucial between all relevant parties. Various regulations, codes of practice and guidelines cover the labelling of containers and vehicles to identify the substances and their hazards in an emergency. 

As shown in Figure 1.5 and described in Section 1.4, the design and engineering of a chemical process requires the co-operation of many specialist groups. Effective cooperation depends on effective communications, and all design organisations have formal procedures for handling project information and documentation. The project documentation will include ... 

Tables C. 1-C.4 provide conversion factors from a.u. to SI units and a variety of practical (thermochemical, crystallographic, spectroscopic) non-SI units in common usage. Numerical values are quoted to six-digit precision (though many are known to higher accuracy) in an abbreviated exponential notation, whereby 6.022 14(23) means 6.022 14 x 1023. In this book we follow a current tendency of the quantum chemical literature by expressing relative energies in thermochemical units (kcal mol-1), structural parameters in crystallographic Angstrom units (A), vibrational frequencies in common spectroscopic units (cm-1), and so forth. These choices, although inconsistent according to SI orthodoxy, seem better able to serve effective communication between theoreticians and experimentalists.

Transition state effects communication of orthogonal orbitals in the transition state of radical-anionic cyclizations 23... 

Outcome 2. Suppose, however, that risk attitude is the true driver behind a consumer s reaction to a food safety scare. In such a case, even if probabilities of being exposed to the risk are small, an effective communication of these probabilities will have little influence on a consumer s behavior. Instead, marketers will have to focus on ways to eliminate the risk. This may involve a total recall or an elimination of the risk (slaughtering of all potentially infected cattle or recall of all potentially tainted food). 

Frewer, L J., Howard, C., and Shepherd, R. 1996a. Effective communication about genetic engineering and food. Br. Food J. 98(415), 48-52. 

Non-communicating What should the effective communication and sensing ranges of the sensors be [8, 39] ... 

Many issues in one management area are bound to affect performance in other areas. For example, an inherent safety review may propose a change in the process chemistry that will allow a definite reduction in chemical reactivity hazards, perhaps by eliminating a reactive intermediate. Such changes will have to fit with product quality requirements, and the customer may need to be included in the process of changing to the inherently safer alternative. Effective communication among all parts of the management team will avoid many problems and help identify what works best. 

Implementing a recommendation must go beyond an equipment, process or procedural change. What was learned about an incident or near miss and its causes, as well as the changes made to prevent recurrence, needs to be effectively communicated to employees. As a result, they will have a greater understanding to better identify future near misses and the factors that could lead to a chemical reactivity incident at their facility. This will also encourage employees to report other near misses. 

Incident data in Section 3.0 show that more than half of the reactive incidents, where some causal information is available, are attributed to inadequate operating procedures and training. These data illustrate the challenge of effectively communicating a practical, working knowledge of an often complex array of chemical and process information. 

Effective communication is a key element of emergency response, and a media or communications plan is essential to good communications. Be prepared by organizing basic facts about the crisis and your chemical system. Develop key messages to use with the media that are clear, brief, and accurate. Make sure your messages are carefully planned and have been coordinated with local and state officials. Considerations should be given to establishing protocols for both field and office staff to respectfully defer questions to the proper spokesperson. 

Genetic conditions are not named in one standard way (unlike genes, which are given an official name and symbol by a formal committee). Doctors who treat families with a particular disorder are often the first to propose a name for the condition. Expert working groups may later revise the name to improve its usefulness. Naming is important because it allows accurate and effective communication about particular conditions, which will ultimately help researchers find new approaches to treatment. 

As indicated in the very first introductory paragraphs, terminology can be a delicate issue in mass spectrometry (shouldn t it be mass spectroscopy ). To effectively communicate about the subject we need to agree on some established terms, acronyms and symbols for use in mass spectrometry. 

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