Written communication

Before 1964 no stable compound with a localized or delocalized carbon-phosphorus double bond was known. Indeed, it was generally assumed that the atomic radius of phosphorus, being larger than that of carbon or nitrogen, would not provide sufficient 2pn—3pir overlap for such a ir system to be stable Our first communication, written jointly with Peter Hoffmann which described the synthesis of a stable phosphamethin-cyanine 1 with a delocalized P—C double bond was therefore received with skepticism However, after Allmann confirmed the structure by X-ray analysis the existence of a new type of phosphorus bond in a cationic delocalized tt system was unambigously established... 

It would seem obvious that knowledge in the language of chemical communication, written in the alphabet of molecular structures, is in fact a mandatory condition to establish meaningful and mutually beneficial interactions between mankind and the environment. Only with the accumulation of this knowledge will we eventually be able to stop our endless wars with Nature in futile attempts to exterminate harmful species, to communicate with them, and to exert reasonable control over their activity. Clearly this ultimate goal is still a remote prospect, but it will not be realized without the help of synthetic chemists. 

Team Factors Verbal communication Written communication Supervision and seeking help Team leadership... 

J. J. KELLER S CONSTRUCTION TOOLBOX TALKS Hazard Communication — Written Program... 

Hazard Communication — What Is GHS Hazard Communication — GHS Overview Hazard Communication — Container Labels Hazard Communication — Container Labels Alternate Hazard Communication — Outer Container Labels Hazard Communication — GHS Pictograms Hazard Communication—Health Hazards Hazard Communication—Safety Data Sheets Hazard Communication — Safety Data Sheets Alternate Hazard Communication—Other Hazards Hazard Communication—Physical Hazards Hazard Communication— Written Program Occupational Health — Carcinogens Occupational Health — Diesel Exhaust Occupational Health — Silicosis Safety Health Program Management — Employee Exposure and Medical Records... 

As part of a hazard communication written program, you will need to compile a list of all hazardous chemicals used, or present in your workplace. The list will eventually serve as an inventory of every substance that has an SDS. At this point, however, preparing the list will help you complete the rest of the program since it will give you some idea of the scope of the program required for compliance in your workplace. 

Kekule A, Liebigs (1866) Ann Chem 134 129 (a short communication written in French had appeared one year earlier in Bull Soc Chim)... 

Standards have been a part of technology since building began, both at a scale that exceeded the capabiUties of an individual, and for a market other than the immediate family. Standardization minimizes disadvantageous diversity, assures acceptabiUty of products, and faciUtates technical communication. There are many attributes of materials that are subject to standardization, eg, composition, physical properties, dimensions, finish, and processing. Implicit to the realization of standards is the availabiUty of test methods and appropriate caUbration techniques. Apart from physical or artifactual standards, written or paper standards also must be considered, ie, their generation, promulgation, and interrelationships. 

Geological Survey, New York District office written communication, 1991. ... 

Communication in writing check off, provide and enforce written change of shift logs... 

Training Materiais. Like any other written or audio-visual maintenance tool, training materials of all kinds are basically communication devices, and to be effective, should be presented in a simple straightforward, attractive, and professional manner. 

Written Memos. One of the most effective devices for improving maintenance communications is a newsletter or internal memo. The memo s success depends heavily on communicating formal tips and techniques in the mechanics language and using photos, sketches, and drawings generously to get the message across. 

W. A. McGahan, and J. A. Woollam. App. Phys. Commun. 9, 1, 1989. Well written and illustrated review of electromagnetic theory applied to a multilayer structure including magnetic and magneto-optic layers. 

The report says that when communicating by radio, no action should be taken until the message has been acknowledged, but this is nowhere near sufficient. Power should not have been restored until the crews working on both units had signed off written per-mits-to-work. Verbal communication alone is never adequate. 

Once you have agreed on broad goals for PSM, consider enlisting someone from your company s corporate communications or public relations staff to help you draft a formal vision statement. This will help you (1) assure a well-written document and (2) win communicators support by involving them. 

If you decide on a formal presentation, consider having the full PSM team participate. Similarly, written communications concerning the plan (if, for example, it is broadly distributed for comment) should originate with the team. This will not only acknowledge their contribution but will also tangibly demonstrate the interdisciplinary nature of the challenge you have undertaken. 

The whole range of error types that could occur at each task step are described in Figure 4.16. The terms action errors and checking errors are self-explanatory. Retrieval errors refer to the retrieval of infonnation either from an external source (e.g., a chart recorder or a procedure) or from memory. Transmission/ communication errors refer to communications among individuals either directly or via written communications. Selection/choice errors refer to making incorrect choices among alternative operations, for example, manual instead of automatic. 

TIME OP SYSTEM STATUS INFO AVAILABLE OPERATOR EXPECTA- TION PROEOURE (WRITTEN, MEMORIZED) DECISION/ COMMUNICATION ACT EQUIP- MENT/ LOCATION FEEDBACK SECONDARY DUTIES AND DISTRACTIONS COMMENTS 1... 

Probably one of the most important safety and healtli standards ever adopted is tlie OSHA hazard communication standard, more properly known as tlie right to know laws. The liazard communication standard requires employers to communicate information to tlie employees on liazardous chemicals tliat e.vist witliiii the workplace. The program requires employers to craft a written luizard communication program, keep material safety data sheets (MSDSs) for all haztirdous chemicals at the workplace and provide employees with training on tliose hazardous chemicals, and assure tliat proper warning labels are in place. 

To chanicterize potential disasters by tjpe and extent, a survey of hazards or foreseeable tlireats in die community must be performed and evaluated. Widiout such information, an appropriate plan cannot be developed. An inventory of the community protection assets, liazard sources, and risks must be done before die actual plan is written. The procedures followed here is similar to diat provided in Part IV of this book - Hazard Risk Assessment. 

A written hazard-communication program must describe the employer s efforts to tell employees about the standard and how it is being implemented at the worksite. 

The cooperation of industrial and engineering designers with the metal finishers, who are frequently required to perform the near-impossible as a consequence of poor communication, is notoriously bad largely as a consequence of the nature of sub-contract industrial relationships. To meet this need an important new standard —BS 4479—has been issued although it is ostensibly a revision of the old standard it is in reality a new standard written essentially as a code of practice. Invaluable advice is given to finishers and designers alike the challenge now is to have it widely read and appreciated ... 

Suppose now that we build a series of cells, alike in all respects save that the (very dilute and completely dissociated) solute has a different concentration in each cell. If the cells are alike in all other respects, the unitary terms must be the same in each coll the values of the e.m.f. for the various cells will differ owing to the difference in the communal terms. In very dilute solutions the contribution made to each communal term by the interionic forces will be small, and the dependence of the e.m.f. on the concentration will arise almost entirely from the cratic term which, for each solute species, may be written — kT In y or — IcT In x. Since we are considering a uni-univalent solute, the numerical values of y+ and t/ for the positive and negative ions will both be the same as the mole ratio of the solute. 

People, however, have different requirements than computers. For people— which is to say chemists in their spoken and written communications—it s best that a chemical name be pronounceable and that it be as easy as possible to assign and interpret. Furthermore, it s convenient if names follow historical precedents, even if that means a particularly well-known compound might have more than one name. People can readily understand that bromomethane and methyl bromide both refer to CftyBr. 

Much has been written on RAFT polymerization under emulsion and miniemulsion conditions. Most work has focused on S polymerization,409-520 521 although polymerizations of BA,461 522 methacrylates382-409 and VAc471-472 have also been reported. The first communication on RAFT polymerization briefly mentioned the successful semi-batch emulsion polymerization of BMA with cumyl dithiobenzoate (175) to provide a polymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution.382 Additional examples and discussion of some of the important factors for successful use of RAFT polymerization in emulsion and miniemulsion were provided in a subsequent paper.409 Much research has shown that the success in RAFT emulsion polymerization depends strongly on the choice of RAFT agent and polymerization conditions.214-409-520027... 

Finally, the editors wish to thank the authors for their effective oral and written communications and the reviewers for their critical and constructive comments. 

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