Definition reduction

Note that here, we make use of the notion of in virtue of in order to define the notion of a constituent, which, in turn, enters the characterization of a mechanistic explanation this is somewhat similar to the way in which reduction was defined in (Explication I) above. This is obviously not to say that this isn t an interesting definition of what a component in a mechanism is supposed to be. However, following this line of thought, we must not hope to come up with a reductive definition of mechanistic explanation, unless we possess a general strategy to get rid of in virtue of - and other explanatory talk. 

Table 4 Kharasch and generalized degree of reduction definition for ammonia and biomass.

Reservoir fluids (oil, water, gas) and the rock matrix are contained under high temperatures and pressures they are compressed relative to their densities at standard temperature and pressure. Any reduction in pressure on the fluids or rock will result in an increase in the volume, according to the definition of compressibility. As discussed in Section 5.2, isothermal conditions are assumed in the reservoir. Isothermal compressibility is defined as ... 

Reduction can now be defined as a process in which electrons are acquired and oxidation a process in which electrons are released. These definitions are often difficult to remember and the following simplification may be helpful ... 

Using the electron transfer definition, many more reactions can be identified as redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions. An example is the displacement of a metal from its salt by a more reactive metal. Consider the reaction between zinc and a solution of copper(If) sulphate, which can be represented by the equation... 

Reductive reactions typically occur in anaerobic environments where there is an abundant supply of electron donors. Electron donors are typically of microbial origin, eg, porphyrins or cysteine, which sometimes leads to confusion regarding the nature, ie, chemical vs enzymatic, of the reductive reaction. By definition, all reductive reactions which are not enzymatically catalyzed are chemical. The most significant chemical reductive reaction is reductive dechlorination. 

VOC Emissions Reduction/Ozone Attainment. Tide I of the 1990 Amendments continues the process of diminishing VOC emissions from all sources to reduce o2one concentrations. A compliance timetable by category has been estabUshed, which depends on the level of current o2one concentration. The definition of a major source also depends on the o2one nonattainment category ... 

The term electrochromism was apparently coined to describe absorption line shifts induced in dyes by strong electric fields (1). This definition of electrocbromism does not, however, fit within the modem sense of the word. Electrochromism is a reversible and visible change in transmittance and/or reflectance that is associated with an electrochemicaHy induced oxidation—reduction reaction. This optical change is effected by a small electric current at low d-c potential. The potential is usually on the order of 1 V, and the electrochromic material sometimes exhibits good open-circuit memory. Unlike the well-known electrolytic coloration in alkaU haUde crystals, the electrochromic optical density change is often appreciable at ordinary temperatures. 

The particular learning curve is usually characterized by the percentage reduction in the cumulative average value Y when the number of units X is doubled. From this definition it follows that... 

Waste minimization generally considers all of the methods in the EPA hierarchy (except for disposal) appropriate to reduce the volume or quantity of waste requiring dispos (i.e., source reduction). The definition oi source reduction as applied in the Pollution Prevention Act, however, is any practice that reduces the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant entering any waste stream... 

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