Effect on noise

The optimized value for the total integration time is 450 ms 290 ms is spent at 3, and only 140 ms is spent integrating at 4. The integration asymmetry of the waveform maximizes the analyte response without any effect on noise. 

In the above discussion, N is a dependent variable. Within limits the noise is subject to operator control through the response time t of the pen or amplifier. The longer the response time the lower the noise level, because of the smoothing effect on noise peaks of the slower response. Quantitatively this relationship, which involves a square root dependence, is expressed as follows ... 

This relation is only valid for small Ad and small lateral extensions. The influence of the inherent unsharpness is not taken into consideration and besides this the ability of the human eye to integrate over an area for noise reduction is not considered, which would have positive effects on the perception oflarge or longish flaws (or wires). 

The locations of the maxima of the -field and the E-field are different depending on the mode chosen for the EPR experuuent. It is desirable to design the cavity in such a way that the B field is perpendicular to the external field B, as required by the nature of the resonance condition. Ideally, the sample is located at a position of maxuuum B, because below saturation the signal-to-noise ratio is proportional to Simultaneously, the sample should be placed at a position where the E-field is a minimum in order to minimize dielectric power losses which have a detrimental effect on the signal-to-noise ratio. 

Effect of the monochromator s slit width on noise and resolution for the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of benzene. The slit width increases from spectrum (a) to spectrum (d) with effective bandpasses of 0.25 nm, 1.0 nm, 2.0 nm, and 4.0 nm. 

Theatrical Pyrotechnics or Special Effects. Many spectacular visual and audible effects are produced for stage presentations of both music and drama, and many motion pictures and television shows incorporate pyrotechnic and explosive special effects to Hven up the presentation. These spectacular effects are a combination of pyrotechnics, explosives, combustion, and electronics. After the effects are filmed or videotaped, they are often enhanced by slow-motion replay and by the addition of more exciting noise. A real explosion is over in milliseconds, and hence there is a need for electronic enhancement to create a more spectacular effect on the screen. 

The links between levels of exposure and inconvenience caused by ventilation noise are described in an investigation carried out on office workers.- Technical measurements and analyses of the ventilation noise at 155 typical office workplaces were in this study combined with assessments by the office workers of the level of disturbance that they experienced, the effect on working performance, fatigue, stress-related pain, and headaches. The average noise level was about 40 dB(A) at two of the workplaces, while it was about 35 dB(A) at two others. It emerged from rhe narrow-band analyses that the sound pressure levels of rhe infrasound were not in any event of an order that this type of sound frequencies (below 20 Hz) could contribute to any disturbance effects. Any steps taken to counter the sound frequencies of the ventilation noise under 50 Hz, i.e., the point of btersection between the threshold curve of auditory perception and the spectral level distribution curve of... 

Generally, adsorption, absorption, and biofilter units require more space than compact incinerators and condensers. If the plant room is restricted, a local roof-mounted system may be the best alternative. However, roof structural reinforcement may be required even for small and lightweight units. Consideration must be given to the effects of noise and vibration. Small adsorption systems, such as adsorption canisters, require an additional central regeneration unit on site, or they must be regenerated or disposed of off site. A central regeneration unit may require long runs of costly ductwork." ... 

Another effect of noise on tasks involving monitoring and interpretation of a large number of information sources is the "narrowing of the span of attention." In a noisy environment, personnel monitoring the control panel would tend to concentrate on the most obvious aspects of the situation which seem to be familiar to them and fail to incorporate any novel features of the... 

Low-frequency noise (in the range 3-50 Hz) may have other injurious effects on the body. Research has also indicated that a type of fatigue caused by low-frequency noise has a similar effect to that caused by alcohol. Infrasound (low-frequency sound) also has a synergistic effect with alcohol. Low-frequency noise is particularly important in the case of workers operating machinery (e.g. vehicles, cranes, etc.). It must also be remembered that very high power levels may be generated at low frequency and may not be readily detected by the ear. Attenuation of low-frequency noise is very difficult (see Section 42.7). 

Mark, H. "A Monte Carlo Study of the Effect of Noise on Wavelength Selection during Computerized Wavelength Searches", Appl. Spec. 1988 (8) 1427-1440. 

Wang, G. H., Barlow, R. S., and Clemens, N. T, Quantification of resolution and noise effects on thermal dissipation measurements in turbulent non-premixed jet flames, Proc. Combust. Inst., 31, 1525, 2007. 

The sine-bell, sine-bell squared, phase-shifted sine-bell, and phase-shifted sine-bell squared window functions are generally used in 2D NMR spectroscopy. Each of these has a different effect on the appearance of the peak shape. For all these functions, a certain price may have to be paid in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio, since they remove the dispersive components of the magnitude spectrum. This is illustrated in the following COSY spectra ... 

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