Cholesterol-lowering drug

Some of the most effective cholesterol lowering drugs act by inhibiting the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction... 

Many valuable compounds are aromatic in part, including steroids such as estrone and well-known pharmaceuticals such as the cholesterol-lowering drug alorvastatin, marketed as Lipitor. Benzene itself has been found to cause bone marrow depression and a consequent lowered white blood ceil count on prolonged exposure. Benzene should therefore be handled cautiously if used as a laboratory solvent. 

A class of cholesterol lowering drugs that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary 1-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme step in cholesterol biosynthesis. 

Figure 10.44 RibA catalyzed sequential aldol additions yielding a key chiral building block for cholesterol-lowering drugs.

The cholesterol-lowering drug atorvastatin, marketed as Lipitor, is an example where biocatalysis research has been applied extensively and is in industrial use. The enzyme 2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) has been a target of directed evolution for the production of atorvastatin intermediates [8,9,71]. DeSantis and coworkers [8,9] used structure-based... 

Simvastatin is an important cholesterol-lowering drug and is currently synthesized from the natural product lovastatin via a tedious multistep chemical synthesis. A one-step, whole-cell... 

Feher MD, Webb JC, Patel DD, Lant AF, Mayne PD, Knight BL, et al. Cholesterol-lowering drug therapy in a patient with receptor-negative homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Atherosclerosis 1993 103 171-180. 

To date, the studies that have tried to link dietary fat to increased risk of coronary heart disease have remained ambiguous. Studies have shown that cholesterol-lowering drugs help reduce the risk of heart (45) disease, but whether a diet low in cholesterol can do the same is still questionable. While nutrition experts are debating whether a low-fat, carbohydrate-based diet is the healthiest diet for Americans, nearly all agree that the anti-fat message of the last twenty years has been oversimplified. For example, some fats and oils like those found in olive oil... 

Probucol (4,4/-[(l-methylethylidene)bis(thio)]-bis-[2,6-bis(l,l-dime-thylethyl)phenol]) is a cholesterol-lowering drug that has been reported to exist in two forms [27]. Form II has been found to exhibit a lower melting point onset relative to Form I, and samples of Form II spontaneously transform to Form I upon long-term storage. The structures of these two polymorphic forms have been reported, and a summary of the crystallographic data obtained in this work is provided in... 

Baycol (cerivastatin, sold as Lipobay in Europe, Bayer) is a statin, a class of cholesterol-lower drugs. Statins are the most prescribed drugs in the United States, with more than 12 million people taking them, and more than 700,000 people in the United States taking cerivastatin. It received marketing approval on June 26, 1997 and was voluntarily removed from the market on August 8, 2001 because of its link to 100 deaths and several injuries from potentially the muscle disease rhabdomyolysis. The other statins — lovas-tatin (Mevacor Merck) pravastatin (Pravachol Bristol-Myers Squibb) simvastatin (Zocor Merck) fluvastatin (Lescol Novartis) atorvastatin (Lipitor Parke-Davis) rosuvastatin... 

In a trial, the parameters for comparison may be the mean level of cholesterol (in the case of a cholesterol-lowering drug), the amount of antibodies in the body (a vaccine trial), or the reduction in the size and severity of tumor (a cancer trial). A test statistic is normally used to compute and compare the means for the placebo and active groups. 

Manzoni, M. and Rolhni, M., Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of statins by filamentous fungi and apphcation of these cholesterol-lowering drugs. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2002, 58, 555-564. 

G Patients requiring cholesterol-lowering drugs Prescription drug One or more statin drugs Manufactured capsule Ingestion... 

A number of cholesterol-lowering drugs (Pravachol, zocor, and mevacor) are prepared by enzymatic processes. Penicillin antibiotics that have been on the market for decades are produced in large quantities by the enzymatic process. 

The statins are an important class of cholesterol-lowering drugs... 

Statins are the most important class of cholesterol-lowering drugs. They are inhibitors of an enzyme on the route to synthesis of cholesterol. As a result, there is an increase of LDL receptors in the liver, the only important mechanism for elimination of cholesterol from the body. 

Ohver M, Poole-Wilson P, Shepherd J. Should there be a moratorium on the use of cholesterol lowering drugs BMJ 1992 304 431. ... 

Sdringola S, Nakagawa K, Nakagawa Y, Yusuf SW, Boccalandro F, Mullani N et al. Combined intense lifestyle and pharmacologic lipid treatment further reduce coronary events and myocardial perfusion abnormalities compared with usual-care cholesterol-lowering drugs in coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003 41 263-272... 

Skeletal muscle myopathy often leads to release of CK of the MM type. Rhabdomyolysis Is one of the major side effects of treatment with the cholesterol-lowering drugs the statins. 

Statins are a group of cholesterol lowering drugs that have been shown to be beneficial as published in 1997. In patients with ischaemic heart disease, the number of stroke events was reduced by 30% compared with placebo. 

Outcomes Two months later the patient is reexamined. Her body weight is 164 pounds and blood LDL cholesterol is 114 mg/dL. Her blood pressure is 136/92. She is encouraged to continue to lose weight and take the cholesterol-lowering drug. She complains of the drug cost. 

Cholesterol lowering drugs are indicated for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. There are three families of these dmgs inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase (statins), inhibitors of cholesterol transport protein, and inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). They are important drugs from an economical point of view. Among them, several are fluorinated. 

The introduction of the fungal metabolite lovastatin (26-9) has led to a sizeable class of clinically effective cholesterol lowering drugs. These agents, known familiarly as the statins, block an enzyme, HMG-CoA reductase, that is involved in the synthesis of mevalonate, an early precursor of cholesterol. Extensive work has... 

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