Drug therapy, perspectives

Borchardt, J.K. Traditional Chinese drug therapy. Drug News Perspect 16, no. 10 (Dec 2003) 698-702. 

This situation of escalating costs from improved survival is not new our society has traditionally spent more for incremental (sometimes minor) improvements in care. From an economic perspective, the question becomes how much more and for how long. Every additional dollar spent on health care is another dollar from the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that cannot be used for other purposes. This opportunity cost of technological improvement will be one of the primary economic and social issues that must be addressed. Pharmacogenomics-based drug therapies will likely provide a test case. Will these new and expensive therapies be rationed if so, on what basis Will our society continue to value improvements in health care above other goods and services such as education, the environment, and Social Security ... 

J. Cassidy, Polymer-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy , Drug News Perspect. 2000, 13, 477 - 480. 

I. ink MS et al. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy for ventricular arrhythmias Current perspectives. J Cardiovasc Electrophys 1996 7 653-670. 

An attempt has been made to discuss the position of drug therapy of various types of mental disorders within a wider perspective, and especially to clarify the relationship between drug therapy and non-drug treatments. It was necessary to deal separately with the various classes of psychopharmaceuticals and the disorders treated with them, and for our purposes it was also sensible to refer as far as possible to controlled, i.e. comparative, studies. The drawback of this evidence-based approach is obvious comparative studies of therapeutic procedures almost necessarily favor one of the compared treatments because they can never be carried out with completely identical preconditions for all treatments (Elkin et studies comparing psychotherapy with pharmacotherapy were scrutinized and discovered to include studies that were not entirely blind, random, controlled or of high quality, leading to inaccurate conclusions. Thus, meta-analyses based on flawed studies are clearly inadequate for the establishment of treatment guidelines (Klein, 2000). On the other hand, the value of an admittedly incomplete summary such as presented here is that results obtained in different places by different authors with different preconditions can be critically compared and related one to the other. 

Therefore, an economic analysis must measure the quality of life of the patient to ensure that the value of the drug incorporates the patient s perspective. Quality of life is a concept that usually incorporates the physical, mental and social well-being of the patient. Initial doubts concerning the ability of schizophrenic patients to provide reliable and valid reports of their own quality of life led to the use of proxies for patient interviews. Caregivers and clinicians were consulted most often. However, recent research has shown that the use of proxies can produce very different results to those derived directly from the patient s responses. In addition, research now indicates that schizophrenic patients are able to provide stable, reliable and valid self-reports of their psychological well-being, health status and subjective evaluation of drug therapies (Awad et al., 1995). 

In Chapter 2 we also explore the role of drug therapy from the patient-consumer s perspective. Thus, such issues as informed consent, the cost of treatment, and labelled versus nonlabelled uses for FDA-approved medications are carefully considered. 

With concerns growing about the rising cost of drug therapies it is not surprising that a new academic discipline has arisen—pharmacoecononics. Not entirely new, the study of therapeutic outcomes from an academic perspective has remained somewhat intuitive up to now but obviously is of considerable interest to developing... 

Moreira P. L., Smith M. A., Zhu X. W., Flonda K., Lee FI. G., Aliev G., and Perry G. (2005b). Oxidative damage and Alzheimer s disease Are antioxidant therapies useful Drug News Perspect. 18 13-19. 

Kulkarni SK, Naidu PS. Pathophysiology and drug therapy of tardive dyskinesia current concepts and future perspectives. Drugs Today. 2003 39 19-49. 

Evaluate the need for a management perspective to better serve patients and improve outcomes to drug therapy. 

RA Fromtling. Current antifungal therapy of human mycoses. Drug News Perspectives 10 170-178, 1997. 

Anon (2007) Adherence to prophylactic asthma medications is affected by many factors. Drugs and Therapy Perspectives 23 25-26. 

Sadee W (2008) Drug therapy and personalized health care pharmacogenomics in perspective. Pharm Res 25 2713-2719... 

Borchardt, J. K. The beginnings of drag therapy Ancient mesopota-mian medicine. Drug News Perspect 2002,15, 187—192. 

From a pharmaceutical care perspective, disorders of electrolyte homeostasis can result from drug therapy. In addition, with some drug therapies, toxicity can be enhanced when underlying electrolyte disorders are present. Drug-induced disorders respond well to... 

Comprehensive description E, F. McNiff et al. Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances, vol. 9 K. Florey, Ed. (Academic Press, New York 1980) pp 519-541. Symposium on nitroglycerin therapy perspectives and mechanisms Am. 

Wanner A. Clinical perspectives Role of tbe airway circulation in drug therapy. J Aerosol Med 1996 9 19-23. 

Dukes MNG (1978) Drug utilization studies a perspective. In Ducrot H, Goldberg M, Hoigne R, Middleton P (eds.) IFIP TC-4 working conference on computer aid to drug therapy and to drug monitoring, Berne. North-Holland, Amsterdam Oxford New York, pp 373-377... 

Cai, X., Conley, S., Naash, M., 2007. Nanoparticle applications in ocular gene therapy. Drug. News Perspect. 20 (4), 227—231. 

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