Traditional Chinese drugs

Bioactive polyphenol acids and lignans with 0-heterocyclic fragments and terpenoid 8-lactones as components of traditional Chinese drugs 98PAC547. 

Borchardt, J.K. Traditional Chinese drug therapy. Drug News Perspect 16, no. 10 (Dec 2003) 698-702. 

Zhang, P., Cui, Z., Liu, D., Wang, D., Liu, N. and Yoshikawa, M. 2005. Quality evaluation of traditional Chinese drug Toad Venom from different origins through a simultaneous determination of bufogenins and indole alkaloids by HPCL. Chemistry and Pharmacy Bulletin, 53(12) 1582-1586. 

Wang Q, Fang Y. Analysis of sugars in traditional Chinese drugs. Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences 812, 309-324, 2004. 

Wang, H. E, X. D. Li, Y. M. Chen, L. B. Yuan, and W. O. Foye. 1991. Radiation-protective and platelet aggregation inhibitory effects of five traditional Chinese drugs and acetylsalicylic acid following high-dose gamma-irradiation. J. Ethnopharmacol. 34 2-3, 215-219. 

English ivy and others are cultivated as ornamentals some are used as medicine (the traditional Chinese drug ginseng belongs in this family). 

Melchart D, Linde K, Hager S, Kaesmayr J, Shaw D, Bauer R, Weidenhammer W. Monitoring of liver enzymes in patients treated with traditional Chinese drugs. Complement Ther Med 1999 7(4) 208-16. 

Wu, L. 1992. Occurrence and physiological activities of trace elements in traditional Chinese drugs. 

Zhu and Zhu discussed the isolation of six alkaloids from the roots of A. oaemiohaeli (which they referenced as the traditional Chinese drugs Chuan-wu and Fu-tzu). Aconitine (14), hypaconitine (12), mesaconitine (10), talatizamine (15), isotalatizamine, and isotalatizidine (17) were identified. The base previously named chuan-wu base A is identical with isotalatizidine. 

The traditional Chinese drug, Xinyi, was examined for the presence of platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists or blood anticoagulants [46]. 

IHdtMantliin. The active principle of the traditional Chinese drug Tian Hua Fen (roots of Trichosanthes ki-rilowii, Cucurbitaceae). The drug has been used in China for over 2000 years to induce abortions and for treatment of menstrual complaints. T. is a basic polypeptide of 234 amino acids, Mr 25682, monoclinic crystals. T. inhibits ribosomal protein biosynthesis. It is being clinically tested in China against AIDS Lit. aids 4,1189(1990) AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovinises 10, 413(1994). 

More than 4,000 years old, traditional Chinese medicine continues to be widely practiced in China and in western countries. Traditional Chinese medicine teaches that good health is the result of harmony and balance between five basic elements earth, water, fire, wood and metal. Also important to health are the two types of energy Yin and Yang, constituting a vital substance that circulates through the body. Drug therapy has been one of the means used in Chinese medicine to keep these elements and the flow of energy in balance. Many of the same herbs used thousands of years ago in China could be the source of new pharmaceuticals in Western medicine... 

Luo HC, Cui YH, Shen YC, Lou ZQ. Clinical observation and pharmacological investigation of the sedative and hypnotic effects of the Chinese drug rhizome and root of Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. J Tradit Chin Med 1986 6 89-94. 

Fukuda, N., Tanaka, H., and Shoyama, Y. (2000b). Applications of ELISA, Western blotting and immunoaffinity concentration for survey of ginsenosides in crude drugs of Panax species and traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Analyst 125,1425-1429. 

Drugs are separated into three categories in China Western drugs are reviewed by the Division of Pharmaceuticals, biologies by the Division of Biological Products, and traditional Chinese medicine by the Division of TCM (Section 7.5). The approval process is described in Section 8.5. 

Five new compounds with unique furan skeleta, named psoracorylifols A-E (Fig. 12) were isolated from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The psoracorylifols A-E showed significant inhibitory activity against two strains of HP (SSI and ATCC 43504) with an MIC range of 12.5-25/rg/mL, and against HP ATCC 43504, a drug-resistant strain with an MIC of 128 figlroL ... 

A point that is often forgotten in westernized medicine is that of the approximate 7 billion people in the world at this moment, more than 80% of them do not have routine access to drugs as they are defined in Western medicine, but rely upon predominately plant-based therapies as their sources of medicinal agents. Even in areas of the world where single agent drugs are available, traditional therapeutic regimens such as Ayurveda in India, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Japanese and Korean herbals are still the major source of medicinals. 

An oxime derivative of indirubin (a natural bis-indole alkaloid used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat chronic myelocytic leukemia), indirubin-3 -monoxime (37), was found to be a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and of the proliferation of myeloid leukemia cells via inhibition of a tyrosine kinase . The 3D structure of the complex of 37 with CDK revealed that the oxime function is intact, and that it occupies the ATP-ribose site of the CDK-ATP structure. While the specific role of the oxime group in the biological activity of 37 is not clear, it was proposed that its reactivity may be utilized for further drug design... 

Sakai, T., K. Kobashi, M. Tsunezuka, M. Hattori and T. Namba. Studies on dental caries prevention by traditional Chinese medicine (part VI). On the fluoride contents in crude drugs. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 1985 39(2) 165-169. 

Similar to the challenges outlined in Chapter 2, the fact that most Chinese herbal medicines are complex mixtures of multiple active constituents further complicates the interpretation of study data, as well as extrapolation to other botanical products. Japanese Kampo (traditional Chinese herbal mixtures) prescriptions have been used for many years to treat different chronic conditions and are presently manufactured in Japan as drugs with standardized quantities and qualities of constituents. Homma et al. (51) evaluated the effect of three commonly used Japanese Kampo prescriptions, Sho-saiko-to (Xiao Chai Hu Tang), Saiboku-to, and Sairei-to, on prednisolone pharmacokinetics in humans. All three botanical prescriptions contain glycyrrhizin, a strong inhibitor of 11-p-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Chen et al. (52) had shown that glycyrrhizin decreased plasma clearance and increased AUC and concentration of prednisolone. 

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