Drivers relative costs

Also, the economic data are compiled over the entire lifecycle. The total costs are normalized with respect to the average of all alternatives. This helps in identifying cost drivers and areas offering potential for cost reductions. The data on relative costs and environmental impacts are used to construct a diagram, the so-called eco-efficiency portfolio, which clearly shows the strengths and weaknesses of each product or process. 

Historically, the most popular driver for the centrifugal compressor has been the steam turbine. Steam turbines can readily be speed matched to the compressor. Prior to the upsurge in energy costs, reliability, simplicity, and operational convenience were the primary factors in driver selection. The steam turbine, with its ability to operate over a relatively wide speed range, was ideal for the centrifugal compressor, which could be matched to the process load by speed modulation. 

Specifically, within the aerospace industry, for aircraft, the airframe manufacture itself is one of the major cost drivers, using the factors already addressed. Let s look at the character of how we would build an aerospace vehicle. There is typically a lot of manpower dependence. The industry itself is cyclic because the demands ebb and flow. There is typically little automation simply because of relatively low production rates, and there are very few customers. But, despite all those characteristics, there is typically also a large capacity that is founded on many highly skilled personnel, and the orientation is much more high tech than that of most other industries. Without product excellence as a driving factor, the whole industry would be an unworkable mess. 

The former may be considered the true fine chemical while the latter may conveniently be termed intermediate-scale chemicals commodity chemicals produced at a relatively small scale. This crude division starts to indicate the complexity of the economic drivers for B2C that is discussed later. First, however, progress in making the switch is reviewed and the essential elements of plant design structures and costs are briefly introduced. 

The value of time versus the cost of the energy needed to save time—for example, motor trips take longer when people drive at a relatively fuel-efficient 55 mph rather than at the less efficient 70 mph, but the lower speed costs drivers a valuable resource, their time and... 

One such cost involves driver knowledge of the area in which he or she is providing service. A driver who is familiar with the road network and traffic conditions in his service area is likely to be more efficient than a driver for whom the delivery area is relatively new. A second, related cost involves the development of business relationships. For many service providers, an important goal is to achieve regularity and personalization of service by having the same driver visit a particular customer every time that customer requires service. 

The use of microfluidics in a commercial DNA sequencing system has yet to be demonstrated. This is likely due to the lack of a compelling driver. Capillaries are still relatively inexpensive in comparison with etched plates and schemes have been engineered to allow fairly cost effective replacement of subgroups of capillaries, even in the high-throughput systems employing hundreds of... 

Besides this improvement in the information provided to the market, the above-mentioned increase in competition has made the Debt Agencies improve as much as possible the liquidity of their bonds. As we mention earlier, liquidity, and credit rating are the key drivers of the relative performance of Euro countries bonds and, therefore, the Debt Agencies will try to improve their bonds liquidity as much as possible to decrease their funding costs. In the primary market this increase in liquidity has been patent as explained below. 

If RACs are, in fact, going to serve as the drivers in the system and the basis for risk acceptance and resource allocation decisions, the numbers generated must have a positive correlation to the risk involved and to the resources required to control the hazard. A universal RAC matrix would provide a means of comparing relative risks associated with multiple projects, evaluating the allocation of funds, and determining the cost-effectiveness of various controls. Ideally, this universal risk assessment code matrix could provide an evaluation of risks in absolute as well as relative terms. Chapter 12 contains a proposed universal RAC matrix (Total Risk Exposure Codes). The use of a meaningful, quantified, expanded universal RAC matrix may represent a practical approach to probabilistic risk assessment. 

A driver chooses not to perform a proper pretrip inspection before leaving the terminal. Consequently, a bulging tire was not discovered in your yard where repairs could have been facilitated quickly and relatively inexpensive. Several hours later the driver calls to report a blowout in the middle of nowhere, requiring a service call. What is the difference in cost between a quick and easy tire replacement in your yard, and a road service call ... 

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