Drilling report

The four-character bit code is entered on an lADC-API Daily Drilling Report Form as shown in Figure 4-157. The space requirements are consistent with the four-character lADC roller bit classification code. The two codes are readily distinguished from one another by the convention that diamond bit codes begin with a letter, while roller bit codes begin with a number. 

Graham, B., ReiUy, W.K., Beinecke, R, Boesch, D.F., Garcia, T.D., Murray, C.A., Ulmer, F., "Deep Water The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling", Report to the President, National Commission on the BP Deepwater Ho-izon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling, January, 2011. 

National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling (2011b) Deep Water The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling. Report to the President. Washington, DC. 

Furthermore, each drilling report should record the samples taken from the core drilling run, unless the core is divided and one half is retained for possible future reference. If information on approximate stratigraphic classification is available, this too should be included in the report. Under certain circumstances, field tests may be performed on the cores in order to check the CaCOs content or the suspected presence of MgO. The results of these tests are likewise to be added to the report. A graphic representation of the conditions encountered is in any case necessary. 

Review of the drilling history (drilling reports) can reveal damage caused early in the life of a well. This includes an understanding of fluids used and their properties (oil based or water based, pH, solids used, etc.). There are two primary drilling damage mechanisms to consider ... 

Natural gas and its combustion properties appear to have been known since early times (2). Some early temples of worship were located in areas where gas was seeping from the ground or from springs, and it is reported that Julius Caesar saw a phenomenon called the "burning spring" near Grenoble, France. Gas wells were drilled in Japan as early as 615 AD and in 900 AD the Chinese employed bamboo tubes to transport natural gas to their salt works, where the heat was used to evaporate water from salt brine. The existence of natural gas in the United States was reported by early setders who observed gas seeps and columns of fire in the Ohio Valley and the Appalachian area in 1775 (3). 

A wide range in hole si2es can be drilled. Diameters as small as 0.05 mm to ones as large as 20 mm have been reported (5). Drilling by ECM is not restricted to round holes. The shape of the workpiece is deterrnined by that of the tool electrode, thus a cathode drill having any cross section produces a corresponding shape on the workpiece. 

Approximately two thousand years ago, Arabian scientists developed methods for the distillation of petroleum, which were introduced into Europe by way of the Arabian incursions into Spain. Petroleum, used in China since it was encountered when drilling for salt, appears in documents of the third century. The Baku region of northern Persia was also reported by Marco Polo in 1271—1273 as having a commercial petroleum industry. 

Bolts. Bolts shall conform to one of the applicable SAE, ASTM, or AISC specifications. Other bolts not covered by these specifications may be used provided the chemical, mechanical, and physical properties conform to the limits guaranteed by the bolt manufacturer. Certified reports shall constitute sufficient evidence of conformity with the specification. Bolts of different mechanical properties and of the same diameter shall not be mixed on the same drilling or servicing structure to avoid the possibility of bolts of relatively low strength being used where bolts of relatively high strength are required. 

The visual field inspection of derrick or mast and substructure procedure is recommended for use by operating personnel (or a designated representative) to the extent that its use satisfies conditions for which an inspection is intended. A sample report form for this inspection procedure can be found in API Standard 4F. Forms are also available from International Association of Drilling Contractors (lADC). 

Chemical Analysis. Standard chemical analyses have been developed for determining the concentration of various ions present in the mud [23]. Test for concentration of chloride, hydroxide and calcium ions are required to fill out the API drilling mud report. The tests are based on filtration, i.e., reaction of a known volume of mud filtrate sample with a standard solution of known volume and concentration. The end of chemical reaction is usually indicated by the change of color. The concentration of the ion being tested then can be determined from a knowledge of the chemical reaction taking place [7]. 

Foam is gas-liquid dispersion in which the liquid is the continuous phase and the gas is the discontinuous phase. The first use of foam in drilling was reported in 1964. 

Okpobiri, G. A., C. J. Machado, and C. U. Ikoku, Minimum Volumetric Requirements in Aerated Drilling A Field Operations Manual, U.S. Department of Energy Report No. DOE/BC/10079-49, December 1982. 

New Mexico occupational health and safety recommended practices for oil and gas well drilling and service operations, State of New Mexico Environmental Improvement Division Report No. EID/OHS-82/2, 1982. 

Wood, D.A., Jordon, J.L., Marsh, N.G., Tamey, J. and Greuil, M. (1980) Major and trace element variations drilled in basalts from the North Philippine Sea during Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 58 A comparative study of back-arc basin basalts with lava series from Japan and midocean ridges. Deep Sea Drilling Project, Initial Reports, 58, 827—894. 

Douglas, G. and Savin, S.M. (1973) Oxygen and carbon isotope analyses of Cretaceous and Tertiary foraminifera from the central North Pacific. Washington, D.C. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 17, 591-605. 

Roberts, D.G., Mortin, A C. and Backmann, J. (1984) Late Paleocene-Eocene volcanic events in the northern North Atlantic ocean. Washington, D.C. U.S. Gov. Printing Office. Initial Report Deep Sea Drilling Project, 81, 913-923. 

Initially glass microspheres were used in the 1970s to overcome severe lost circulation problems in the Ural Mountains. The technology has been used in other sites [1189]. Hollow glass beads reduce the density of a drilling fluid and can be used for underbalanced drilling [1199-1201]. Field applications have been reported [73]. 

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