A Sample Lab Report

Determining The Percent Sodium Hypochlorite in Commercial Bleaching Solutions 

Purpose Determine the percent sodium hypochlorite in various commercial bleaching solutions by titration. Compare the cost effectiveness of different brands of commercial bleaching solutions. 

Theory Commercial bleaching solutions are preared by reacting chlorine (Cl2) with a base. If the base is sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the product is sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Commercially available bleaching solutions usually contain NaOCl. 

Procedure Refer to Chemical Education Resources, Modular Laboratory Program in 

Number of moles of OCI ion in diluted bleaching solution titrated, mol 

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In a state of desperation, I went to see all kinds of different doctors, healers and alternative practitioners. Based on the symptoms I reported, one doctor told me I must have intestinal parasites. I was willing to go along with any glimmer of hope. I thought If I have parasites, that can be treated, then my symptoms will go away—fantastic However, I wanted a second opinion. I went to a doctor in Albuquerque who took urine, stool and saliva samples and sent them to a doctor in New York. The lab report said there were eggs from two kinds of parasites found, hookworm and whipworm. The doctor gave me herbal potions made from God-knows-what he had gathered in the rain forest. These remedies made me worse, so I decided to go to the Tropical Disease Hospital in Tondon. It wasn t easy. 

An archaeologist discovered some charcoal at an excavation site. He sent the samples to a lab for C-14 dating, knowing that the half-life of C-14 is approximately 5,600 years. The lab reported that the charcoal had 1/8 the amount of C-14 in it that a living sample would have. How many years old was the charcoal ... 

This technique calls for drying the sample in a liq drying column using Linde 4A molecular sieves (water detn), and then using the near IR spectrum between 2.2 and 1.7 micrometers to determine the ratio of UDMH to diethylenetriamine] 5) H.N. Voltrauer, Hydrazine Analysis Using Chemiluminescence , SAM-76-37, Aero Chem Res Lab, Princeton, Contract F41609-76-C-0029 (1976) [A procedure is reported using the chemiluminescent reactions of ozone with monomethylhydrazine and Aero-zine-50 (UDMH/hydrazine in 50/50 wt %) to... 

Few papers on the analysis of PCAs or their measurement in environmental samples have reported on techniques to minimize contamination. PCAs (C10-C13,60-70% Cl) levels ranging from 4 ng g 1 to 25 ngg 1 in sodium sulfate were found in procedural blanks used in sediment extractions [28]. PCAs (C10-C13,60-70% Cl) were also detected in DCM (0.15 pg 1 ) left to evaporate in an open flask overnight it was unclear, however, whether contamination was a result of airborne PCAs or was from the DCM itself [28]. Similar problems have been encountered with airborne PCB contamination of analytical labs [65]. Significant procedural blanks result in higher method detection limits, i. e., the mean plus three times the standard deviation in the background signals from procedural blanks (sodium sulfate) [14,66,67]. 

Results and Discussion (may be single or separate sections)—the Results section is a summary of your experimental results, important observations and numerical data (preferably in tabular form, when possible). Avoid including especially long tables of raw data, instead presenting the results of calculations or averaged values. A sample calculation may be included in this section or in an Appendix, and a description of equations used in your calculations should be presented. Hand-written calculations may be acceptable for lab reports. 

We have noted, as has Dr. Farr, that blood specimens taken during and after hydrogen peroxide infusions show a color change consistent with an increase in oxygen content of the blood after the infusion. We sent a sample to the laboratory, and, although it was a venous specimen, the lab reported back that it must have been an arterial sample because of the high oxygen color of the blood. 

The absolute molecular weight determination on PCL samples synthesized in-house was measured using a MALS detector. This method was confirmed earlier by determination of molecular weight of a commercial PCL sample. However, the results ofthis method of measurement can be somewhat different than the relative molecular weights based on polystyrene standards, which appears to be the method of choice in most publications. To reassure that the molecular weight results obtained in this study are accurate, a sample of chemically synthesized commercial PCL and a sample of PCL synthesized using Novozym 435 were sent to two different laboratories for molecular weight determination. All labs used THF as the mobile phase for GPC. The results are reported in Table 3.2. One lab used polylactic acid (PLA) standards for calibration. Since in GPC, separation is based on molecular size and hydrodynamic volume of the polymer in solution,... 

For the data reported in Table 4, samples of oil in 125 ml bottles were warmed, shaken, and then aliquots were removed using a syringe (LAB 2) or micro-pipette (LABs 1, 3). The temperature at which the aliquot was removed varied between hot (40°C, LAB 1) to an intermediate temperature between 40°C and ambient (warm, LABs 2 and 3). It was thought that procedures used to remove hot aliquots may have provided opportunities for loss of volatile mercury or may have allowed reactions to take place possibly with oxygen in air when bottles were opened for aliquot removal. 

A good deal of the excitement surrounding the discovery of the fullerenes was their perceived potential as novel materials for a number of applications. Early speculations suggested that the essentially spherical structure of Cm might be the basis of novel lubricants, providing "molecular ball bearings". However, the first hint of special properties came in 1991 when a group at Bell Labs reported superconductivity at 18 K in a sample of Cm that... 

Aaron was shot in the ieg, the criminais fied, and Debra caiied 911. Aaron was taken to the hospital and luckily, he survived. The police arrived to investigate the crime and file a report, while a crime scene investigator collected evidence that included several strands of hair. The hair samples were sent to a crime lab, where Ron, a forensic toxicologist, begins the process of analyzing the samples. 

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