Dolly cloned sheep

In February 1997, the Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut and colleagues at the Roslin Institute announced the birth of a cloned sheep called Dolly in July 1996. They had removed the nucleus from the egg cell of a sheep and replaced it with the nucleus from an adult sheep. Dolly was born from a surrogate mother sheep and is an exact clone of the adult sheep, unlike offspring from the reproductive process, in which the offspring inherits the genes from both parents. 

In November 2003, the members of the Europe Parliament voted to approve embryonic stem cell research, using techniques similar to that adopted for cloning Dolly the sheep, although severe restrictions were put in place. For US scientists, however, the US legislation meant that they were only allowed to performed research using 12 existing sources of the embryonic stem cells and were not allowed to create any new sources. 

Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell, is born... 

Dolly, the cloned sheep, develops a serious chronic lung disease and is euthanized... 

DNA serves as a blueprint for the individual, controlling, among other aspects, the production of highly specific proteins. In sexual reproduction, the DNA of the offspring is derived from the DNA of both parents, and so serves as the material basis of inheritance and of evolution. Cloning experiments, from Dolly the sheep onward genetically modified crops the possible treatment of inherited diseases—in these and other ways, an understanding of the chemical basis of reproduction and in-... 

Cloning of Dolly the sheep by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)... 

Figure 6 When the world was presented with Dolly, a sheep produced as a result of cloning, many ethical questions were raised about future applications of this new biotechnology.

Dolly, the sheep and the first animal to be cloned from an adult cell in 1996, was the lone success out of the 277 attempts (Taylor, 2006). 

In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned by a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer. A nucleus from an adult mammary cell was transferred into an egg from which the nucleus had been removed. The egg was allowed to divide several times In culture, then the embryo was transferred to a surrogate mother who gave birth to Dolly. Dolly died In 2003 after mating and giving birth herself to viable offspring. What does the creation of Dolly tell us about the potential of nuclear material derived from a fully differentiated adult cell Does the creation of Dolly tell us anything about the potential of an intact, fully differentiated adult cell Name three types of information that function to preserve cell type. Which of these types of Information was shown to be reversible by the Dolly experiment ... 

Any gardener who has used a cutting from one plant to grow an identical plant has created a clone of the original plant, since clones are organisms that contain identical DNA. Based on that definition, identical twins are essentially clones of each other. The first successful laboratory cloning of an animal involved a tadpole, and occurred in 1952. It took more than 40 years of research before a mammal, Dolly the sheep, was cloned from an adult cell rather than an embryonic cell. Since that success in 1996, numerous other successful mammalian clonings have been achieved in the laboratory. 

Biotechnology may also be able to help restore endangered species. This is viewed by some people as a logical extension of the cloning of the first mammal in the late 1990s. Dolly the sheep was cloned by scientists in Scotland in 1997. She was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult (Figure 20-3). 

Most of the cloning on university campuses is basic research. Many universities house cloning research centers on their campuses. In other cases, the cloning centers are extensions of state universities. The Roslin Institute, for example, where Dolly the cloned sheep was made, is an extension of the University of Edinburgh. Some universities have even formed partnerships with biotechnology companies that allow the company to work on university property in exchange for funds and increased collaboration between the company and the university. 

Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, lived six years, half the normal life expectancy. The sheep originating the cloned DNA was six years old at the time of donation, raising speculation about the genetic age of the donor DNA. 

Dolly suffered from premature arthritis in 2002 and had to be put down in February 2003 at the age of 6V2, because of progressive lung disease common in older sheep. It is not known whether Dolly s premature death is related to cloning her life was about half the normal sheep lifespan of 12 years. 

There are many uses of recombinant DNA. As noted above, one technique that produces recombinant DNA is called cloning. In one cloning technique used for the production of the sheep Dolly in 1996, the DNA nucleus from a female s egg was replaced with a nucleus from another sheep. The egg was placed in the uterus of a third animal, known as the surrogate mother. Dolly is nearly genetically identical to the animal from which the nucleus was obtained but not genetically related to the surrogate mother. 

Researchers at Scotland s Roslin Institute reported that they had cloned a sheep-named Dolly-from the cell of an adult ewe. Polly, the first sheep cloned by nuclear transfer technology bearing a human gene, appeared later... 

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