3 dodecane

Membrane retention of lipophilic molecules is significantly increased in octanol, compared to 2% DOPC. Chlorpromazine and progesterone show R 90% in octanol. Phenazopyridine, verapamil, promethazine, and imipramine show R 70%. 

It is also quite interesting that lipid model 4.0 may be used to obtain alkane partition coefficients at high-throughput speeds, as suggested by Faller and Wohnsland [509,554], It is also interesting to note that since our Pe are corrected for membrane retention, the slope in Fig. 7.11 corresponding to the dashed line (our data) is 1.0, whereas the data not corrected for retention (solid line) show a lesser slope. This may not matter if the objective is to obtain alkane-water log Kp values at high speeds. 

2 Membrane Retention (under Iso-pH and in the Absence of Sink Condition) 

Culture-cell assays are also subject to sample retention by the monolayer. Sawada et al. [574] studied the transport of chlorpromazine across MDCK cell 

Retention may be a good predictor of the PK volume of distribution, of protein binding [264,592] or possibly even of conditions suitable for P-gp binding and extrusion of drugs. Apparently, these themes have not yet been adequately explored. 

PROPERTIES RESEARCH GRADE PURE GRADE TECHNICAL GRADE 

PROPERTIES PORE GRADE TECHNICAL GRADE PROPERTIES TECHNICAL GRADE 

Compotitinn. wtnM pwctnt — Compositioo. Midht pascant  

---

Fig. III-9. Representative plots of surface tension versus composition, (a) Isooctane-n-dodecane at 30°C 1 linear, 2 ideal, with a = 48.6. Isooctane-benzene at 30°C 3 ideal, with a = 35.4, 4 ideal-like with empirical a of 112, 5 unsymmetrical, with ai = 136 and U2 = 45. Isooctane-

Tonck A, Georges J M and Loubet J L 1988 Measurements of intermoiecuiar forces and the rheology of dodecane between alumina surfaces J. Coiioid interface Sc/. 126 150-5... 

Union Carbide Corp. tetraethyl-ene glycol (TETRA) the solvent is free of water a dodecane re-flux is used which is later recovered by distillation 100 reciprocating-plate extractor the extract leaving the primary ex-tractor is essen-tially free of feed ahphatics, and no further purification is necessary two-stage extraction uses dodecane as a displacement sol-vent in the second stage... 

In dodecane, unless otherwise noted. / fZ-Butyl peroxyoctate. 

Diperoxyketals. Some commercially available di(/ f2 -alkylperoxy)ketals and their corresponding 10-h half-life temperatures (deterrnined in dodecane) are hsted in Table 5 (39). Diperoxyketals thermally decompose by cleavage of only one oxygen—oxygen bond initially, usually foUowed by P-scission of the resulting alkoxy radicals (40). For acychc diperoxyketals, P-scission produces an alkyl radical and a peroxyester. 

Diall l Peroxides. Some commercially available diaLkyl peroxides and their corresponding 10-h half-life temperatures in dodecane are Hsted in Table 6 (44). DiaLkyl peroxides initially cleave at the oxygen—oxygen bond to generate alkoxy radical pairs ... 

An improved solvent extraction process, PUREX, utilizes an organic mixture of tributyl phosphate solvent dissolved in a hydrocarbon diluent, typically dodecane. This was used at Savannah River, Georgia, ca 1955 and Hanford, Washington, ca 1956. Waste volumes were reduced by using recoverable nitric acid as the salting agent. A hybrid REDOX/PUREX process was developed in Idaho Falls, Idaho, ca 1956 to reprocess high bum-up, fuUy enriched (97% u) uranium fuel from naval reactors. Other separations processes have been developed. The desirable features are compared in Table 1. 

---