Dodecane, physical

Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water. Dodecane will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group. 

In activated sludge, 80.6% degraded after a 47-h time period (Pal et al., 1980). Chemical/Physical. Zhang and Rusling (1993) evaluated the bicontinuous microemulsion of surfactant/oil/water as a medium for the dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by electrochemical catalytic reduction. The microemulsion (20 mL) contained didodecyldi-methylammonium bromide, dodecane, and water at 21, 57, and 22 wt %, respectively. The catalyst used was zinc phthalocyanine (2.5 nM). When PCB-1221 (72 mg), the emulsion and catalyst were subjected to a current of mA/cm on 11.2 cm lead electrode for 10 h, a dechlorination yield of 99% was achieved. Reaction products included a monochlorobiphenyl (0.9 mg), biphenyl, and reduced alkylbenzene derivatives. 

This constancy may at first seem remarkable, but it is to be expected if one keeps in mind the fact that hydrocarbons axe essentially long chains of CHs groups. Consider two hypothetical crude oils, one consisting of pure octane (CgHis) fl-nd the second of pure dodecane (CxaHso). Tlrese two crudes would have entirely different physical and chemical properties. The first would be an excellent gasoline, whereas the second would have the properties of kerosene. However,... 

Figure h. Enthalpy changes of all the thermal processes recorded by DSC. Al - "free water" AH - "dodecane". AH is expressed in cal/g of the sample. "Reproduced with permission from Ref. 5- Copyright 1981 , Italian Physical Society. "... 

Physical properties of pure TBP have been given in Table 4.5. Physical properties of n-dodecane and a 30 v/o solution of TBP in n-dodecane are summarized in Table 10.13. 

Propagators have also recently been measured for multiphase flow in Fontainebleau sandstone by the PFG approach using flows of water, dodecane and nitrogen gas. In an extensive series of experiments, both water and dodecane propagators were measured at different degrees of water saturation to reveal information on the physical importance of parameters such as... 

Fig. 1.10 Molecular structures of MOPV and BOPV derivatives and schematic representation of the supramolecular structure in dodecane. Reprinted with permission from Ref [104], Copyright 2008, American Institute of Physics...

Zhu, K. Qi, H. Wang, S. Zhou, J. Zhao, Y Su, J. Yuan, X. Preparation and characterization of melamine-formaldehyde resin micro- and nanocapsules filled with n-dodecane. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B Physics (2012), 51(10), 1976-1990. 

In summary, electrostatic repulsion stabilizes lamellar phases in ionic systems, whereas entropy reduction stabilizes lamellar phases in nonionic systems or in ionic systems in apolar solvents or in high ionic strength water. Also, the presence of suitable cosurfactants (generally alcohols), which increase the flexibility of the membranes, leads to the formation of dilute lamellar phases, for example, in the system brine-SDS-pentanol [133] or brine-SDS-pentanol-dodecane [134]. Recently, it was shown [135] that two distinct lamellar phases coexisted in the dilute region of the system cetylpyridinium chloride-hexanol-brine. The two phases differ in turbidity, viscosity, density, and some other physical properties. One of these lamellar phases is classically stabilized by the competition between van der Waals, hydration, and electrostatic forces. The other phase is entropically stabilized. The difference between electrostatically and sterically stabilized lamellar phases was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy on thin vitrified... 

The dependence of the transitional distance hf on the siu-factant concentration, calculated with the help of Eq. (61), is shown in Fig. 14 the three ciuves correspond to three fixed values of the mean drop radius a. The calculations are carried out for the system with SDS + 0.1 M NaCl in the aqueous phase (see Table 4) the oil phase is dodecane. One sees that the increase in siufactant concentration leads to a decrease in transitional thickness, which corresponds to a greater stability of the emulsion against coalescence. Physically this is related to the damping of the fluctuation cap-... 

With all these factors in mind, we have attempted to carry out the emulsions aspect of the investigations at the University of Florida Improved Oil Recovery Research Program (4,5). The emulsion systems contain TRS 10-410, isobutanol, sodium chloride, dodecane and water. Extensive physical property data and micro-structural studies of the aqueous surfactant formulations have been already reported by Vijayan et al. (6). Also, the structural aspects of the emulsions containing the same species with aqueous to oil ratio of 1 1 as well as various physical property data as a function of salt concentration have been reported by Vijayan et al. (7). A detailed study of the middle phases formed by the same surfactant formulation with dodecane oil with respect to microstructural changes and microemulsion (swollen micelle) phase inversion has been reported by Ramachandran et al. (8). 

In the original PUREX process (Choppin, Khankhasayev, and Plendl, 2002 Morss et al., 2006 NEA, 1997 Richter et al., 2006 Selvaduray, 1978), hexavalent uranium (UO or U(VI)) and tetravalent plutonium (Pu or Pu(IV)) are extracted from a nitric acid solution of dissolved irradiated fuel by an organic phase composed of TBP diluted to nominal 20%-30% (by volume) with a normal paraffinic hydrocarbon (NPH) organic diluent such as odorless kerosene, or dodecane. Note that the diluent is required only to maintain the physical characteristics of the organic phase (primarily viscosity and density) in a workable range for use in the salient solvent extraction equipment (Herbst, Baron, and Nilsson, 2011,141-175). 

Physical properties Pentane Hexane Heptane Octane Nonane Decane Dodecane... 

Shikata, T., Nishida, T., Isare, B. etal. (2008) Structure and dynamics of a bisurea-based supramolecular polymer in n-dodecane. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, 112,8459-8465. 

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