Doctorates, National Science Earned

FIGURE 1.2 Women chemists. NOTE 1995 decade includes only 1990 to 1998. Other includes agricultural and food chemistry physical includes nuclear and theoretical chemistry. SOURCE Commission on Scientific and Technical Personnel, Table 6-11 data derived from National Science Foundation, Survey of Earned Doctorates 1960-1998. 

SOURCE National Science Foundation/Science Resource Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http //webcaspar.nsf.gov (accessed September 5, 2006). 

Another source of information on doctorates in chemistry and chemical engineering deserves mention. Since 1946, the National Academy of Sciences has maintained a Doctorate Records File (DRF) containing information on all PhD recipients in the United States since 1920. Administered by the Commission on Human Resources of the National Research Council, the Doctorate Records File is complemented by the Comprehensive Roster of Doctorate Recipients, which includes information on over 400000 PhDs. The Comprehensive Roster is composed of the DRF and the National Science Foundation s National Roster of Scientific and Technical Personnel. Since 1958, the DRF has been augmented annually by a Survey of Earned Doctorates, and the Comprehensive Roster is the basis for a biennial Survey of Doctorate Recipients. (For the results of the most recent published survey, see Science, Engineering, and Humanities Doctorates in the United States 1981 Profile (IB. 1982)). Over the past 35 yr, the NAS has sponsored a number of analyses of the demography of the doctorate community in the United States. The 1978 NRC report on A Century of Doctorates (IB) is an extremely valuable summary of this work (and it contains an annotated bibliography of other studies based on the DRF and the Comprehensive Roster). 

Coy Fitch (1934- ) as a medical student at the University of Arkansas School of Medicine (Little Rock, Arkansas), became interested in biochemistry and was provided research space and other resources. He earned an master of science (MS) in biochemistry as well as a doctor of medicine (MD) in 1958 and remained at the School of Medicine as a resident in medicine and Russell M. Wilder-National Vitamin Foundation Fellow in biochemistry (1958-1962). By the time the residency was completed he had developed an interest in membrane transport processes, and he remained on the faculty of the University of Arkansas as an assistant professor of medicine and biochemistry studying such. Five years later, he moved to the Saint Louis University School of Medicine (Saint Louis, Missouri) as Associate Professor of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry. That move made him vulnerable to military service. As a consequence, he was promptly drafted into the Army and assigned to the Division of Biochemistry of the WRAIR. 

George Francis Carrier earned in 1939 a mechanical engineer degree, and in 1944 a doctorate in applied mechanics, both from Cornell University, Ithaca NY. From 1946 to 1952 he advanced from assistant professor to professor of engineering at Brown University, Providence Rl. He then moved in the same position to Harvard University, Cambridge MA. Carrier s many awards include in 1978 the Timoshenko Medal of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the von Karman Medal in 1977 of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Dryden Medal of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and the National Medal of Science in 1990. 

Kye-Simeon Masters was bom in Kyogle, northern New South Wales on the summer solstice, 1979. He was greatly interested in science, the visual arts, and literature during his early schoohng. An investigation into the effects of potassium permanganate on some plants in his mother s garden sparked a love for chemistry. He earned a Bachelor of Science from the Australian National University in 2002, and completed both an honors year (2004) and doctorate (2007) in total synthesis with Prof. Bernard Flyrm at Monash University. A postdoctoral year followed with Prof. Bert Maes in Antwerp (2008-2009). He continued his postdoctoral research in the laboratory of Prof. Stefan Erase with an Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship (2010-2011). His research interests are focused on natural product synthesis and innovations in transition metal catalysis. 

Missouri he earned a master s at Stanford University and his doctorate from the University of Texas at Austin. He did postdoctoral work at Princeton University and was a junior fellow in the Harvard University Society of Fellows. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and he received the 1990 Delmer S. Fahmey Gold Medal for Leadership in Science or Technology from the Franklin Institute. Dr. Smarr is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. 

P. Kannan obtained his PhD degree from Anna University, Chennai in 1988 and worked as a Research Associate at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore during 1988-1991. He joined the Department of Chemistry, Anna University in 1991 as a lecturer and has been a Professor since 2008. He worked as a Post-Doctoral Fellow at Washington University of St. Louis, during 1999-2000. Fourteen students have earned their PhD under his supervision. He has published 90 research papers in national and international journals. 

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