Summer solstice

In the summer, the Northern Hemisphere is slanted toward the sun, making the days longer and warmer than in winter. The first day of summer, June 21, is called summer solstice and is also the longest day of the year. However, June 21 marks the beginning of winter in the Southern Hemisphere, when that hemisphere is tilted away from the sun. 

During this time the method I had evolved for probing the shamanic dimension was to smoke DMT at the peak point of an LSD experience. I would do this whenever I took LSD, which was quite occasionally. It would allow me to enter the tryptamine dimension for a slightly extended period of time. As the summer solstice of 1969 approached, I laid plans for another such experiment. 

Figure 3.22 shows the solar angle 0 as a function of true solar time for several latitudes and different times of the year. As expected, only for the lower latitudes at the summer solstice does the solar zenith angle approach 0° at noon. For a latitude of 50°N even at the summer solstice, 0 is 27°. 

FIGURE 3.22 Effect of latitude on solar zenith angle. On the scale of true solar time, also called apparent solar time and apparent local solar time, the sun crosses the meridian at noon. The latitudes and seasons represented are as follows I, 20°N latitude, summer solstice II, 35°N latitude, summer solstice III, 50°N latitude, summer solstice IV, 20°N latitude, winter solstice V, 35°N latitude, winter solstice VI, 50°N latitude, winter solstice (from Leighton, 1961). 

UV-ERY (Fig. 4) and the daily cycle of UV-ERY related to the summer solstice, June 21 (Fig. 5). Both annual and daily cycles are drawn for various levels of total ozone concentrations. The figures show ... 

The maximum values of UV-ERY occur at the turn of June and July (the delay with respect to the summer solstice is due to the annual cycle of total ozone). 

The relationships between immune functions of the host and metastasis as a function of stress have been examined in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma subjected to rotational stress. Since some immune parameters were shown to display rhythmic variations, the occurrence of seasonal factors has been also taken into consideration. Indeed, the increase in metastasis number and volume caused by rotational stress varied in magnitude with a highly significant circannual rhythm, the acrophase coinciding with summer solstice. 

Also at the Cahokia site is a mysterious structure known as Woodhenge. Similar to Stonehenge in construction, it consisted of a circle of red cedar posts that may have been used as a solar calendar by the priests to mark off specific astronomical events. These would have included the two annual equinoxes and the winter and summer solstices. The equinox is the point at which the center of the sun crosses the celestial equator and day and night are of equal length. The solstice is the point at which the sun is at its greatest distance form the celestial equator and appears to be farthest north or south in the sky. Knowledge of these events helped the priests to determine when to plant crops. 

Johnny Appleseed," (pseudonym) (1993). "Ayaliuasca analog experiences," The Entheogen Review, Vol. 2, No. 2, Summer Solstice. 

Deterioration outdoors is initiated by ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths greater than 29Unm. In addition to chemical structure and impurities, the reaction rate depends on temperature, ultraviolet energy and film thickness. It varies more than tenfold during the year, reaching a maximum about one month after the summer solstice in the northern temperate zone (b). 

From Figure 7 the seasonal variation of UVR at noon can also be estimated, remembering that noon solar elevation increases from winter solstice to summer solstice by about 47°. Annual maximum noon solar elevation (se(max)) can be calculated for any latitude higher than 23.5° as (se(max))= H3.5° —latitude, while for latitudes lower than 23.5° the maximum noon solar elevation is of course 90°. As already mentioned, the absolute values of erythemal irradiance shown in Figure 7 correspond to a situation with extremely high irradiance however, relative variations of irradiance with solar elevation can be estimated from these measurements. 

U V transparency is close to summer solstice when incident solar radiation is also high. This has important implications for the timing of UV impacts on aquatic organisms that may show strong seasonal peaks in reproduction [61,72]. Such time constraints imposed by seasonal variations in UV and temperature may have severe consequences for reproductive success and subsequent survival of some fish [73,74]. 

The Earth rotates in an eastward direction around the polar axis, which is inclined at 23°27 from the normal to the ecliptic plane. The line joining the center of the Earth to the center of the Sun makes an angle A with the equatorial plane, which is called the Sun declination with the equatorial plane. A reaches its maximum value of -E23 27 at the summer solstice around June 21 it reaches its minimum value of — 23°27 at the winter solstice, around December 21, and is zero at the spring and fall equinoxes. A can be computed at any day of the year by A (in radians) = —0.4cos[27r([Pg.129]

Figure 7 Summer solstice insolation at (a) 65° N and (b) 25° N for the past 500000 years.

Place the elixir of the ninth cycle in a Divine Tripod (shending) and expose it to the sun after the summer solstice. When the tripod becomes hot, add one pound of Vermilion Child zhu er, cinnabar) beneath the lid and then retire, watching and waiting that the essence of the sun shines upon it. 

The hyssop is the tree of the winter solstice, lA, and the cedar was the tree of the summer solstice, HU. Together they make the divine name lahu. 

When the Ram pushed the Bull from the position of supremacy, the Crab simultaneously displaced the Lion at the Summer Solstice. As a result, the Love Goddess of the Summer Solstice left her Lion to become the Goddess of Water. We see this in Aphrodite s birth from a seashell and the Virgin Mary reflected in many a convent garden pool. 

Solstice - The two times of the year when the sun is apparently farthest north and south of the earth s equator usually occurring on or around June 21 (summer solstice in northern hemisphere, winter solstice for southern hemisphere) and December 21 (winter solstice in northern hemisphere, summer solstice for the southern hemisphere). 

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