Division 8, Explosives

REGULATORY INFORMATION Al CAL DOT hazard class/division (explosive 1.1D) label (explosive 1.1D). 

Source Explosives and Loading Division, Explosives Section, TNT Production, December 20, 1918, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 156, entry 764, 471.86/880, box 135. 

Stettinius to Dunn, March 30, 1917 Stettinius to Bums, October 26, 1917 Crozier to Stettinius, Febmary 4, 1917, ERS, box 82. Leland L. Summers was a former Export Department employee who became one of Bernard Bamch s chief assistants in the War Industries Board, where he dealt particularly with chemicals. Koishnen, Mobilizing for Modern War, 137, 163, 175-76. Stettinius to Major J. H. Burns, Ordnance Department, October 26, 1917, ERS, box 82 Hixson and Backus, History of Explosives Section Production Division Explosives, Chemicals, and Loading Division, part 2, vol. 1, December 1, 1918, appendix, NARA, RG 156, entry 528, box 2, ex. 18, p. 19. 

Backus to New York District Ordnance Office, August 2, 1918, NARA, RG 156, entry 764, box 137, 471.862/309 Hixson and Backus, History of Explosives Section Production Division Explosives, Chemicals, and Loading Division, part 2, vol. 1, December 1, 1918, appendix, RG... 

New Explosive Specialties Brochure on Eine Wave Generators, E. 1. du Pont de Nemours Co., Inc., Explosives Products Division, Wilmington, Del. 

The European philosophy on area classification varies from that of the United. States and Canada. Specifically, in Europe and most other inter national areas, the Zone concept is utilized. An area in which an expio sive gas-air mixture is continuously present, or present for long perioiK of time, is referred to as Zone 0. The vapor space of a closed, but vented, process vessel or storage tank is an example. An area in which an explosive gas-air mixture is likely to occur in normal operations is designated Zone 1. An area in which an explosive gas-air mixture is less likely to occur, and if it does occur will exist only for a short time, is designated Zone 2. Zone 0 and Zone 1 correspond to Division 1 in the U.S. and Canada System. Zone 2 is equivalent to Division 2. 

In Division 1 areas, transformers must be installed in approved vaults if they contain a flammable liquid. If they do not contain a flammable liquid, they must either be installed in vaults or be approved explosion-proof. In Division 2 areas, standard transformers are acceptable, but... 

In Division 1 areas, meters, instruments, relays, and similar equipment containing high-temperature or arcing devices must be installed in approved explosion-proof or purged enclosures. Unless such devices are specifically labeled as suitable for Class I, Division 1 areas, it is best to assume they are not suitable. 

Arcing contacts in Division 2 areas must be installed in explosion-proof enclosures, be immersed in oil, be hermetically sealed, or be non-incendive. High-temperature devices must be installed in explosion-proof enclosures. Fuses must be enclosed in explosion-proof enclosures unless the fuses are preceded by an explosion-proof, hermetically sealed, or oil-immersed switch and the fuses are used for overcurrent protection of instrument circuits not subject to overloading in normal use. 

Figure 17-16 depicts typical devices containing arcing contacts enclosed in explosion-proof enclosures. Figure 17-17 shows typical explosion-proof alarm devices. A telephone instrument suitable for Class I, Divisions 1 and 2, Group D classified areas is shown by Figure 17-18. 

In Division 1 areas, motors and generators must be either explosion-proof or approv ed for the classification by meeting specific requirements for a special ventilation system, inert gas-filled construction, or a special submerged unit. Although explosion-proof motors are expensive, they normally are available. Explosion-proof generators normally are not available. 

Figure 17-17. Standard explosion-proof alarm devices. Courtesy of Crouse-Hinds Electrical Construction Materials, a division of Cooper Industries, Inc.)...

Lighting fixtures installed in Division 1 areas must be explosion-proof and marked to indicate the maximum wattage of allowable lamps. Alsn, they must be protected against physical damage by a suitable guard im liy location. 

All portable lamps in Division 1 areas must be explosion-proof. Figures 17-19, 17-20, and 17-21 show typical explosion-proof lighting fixtures. 

Lighting fixtures for Division 2 locations must be cither explosion-proof or labeled as suitable for Division 2 for the particular Class and Group involved. Figure 17-22 shows typical Division 2 lighting fixtures... 

A box or fitting must be installed at each conductor sphce connection point, receptacle, switch, junction point, or pull point for the connection of conduit system. In Division 1 areas only explosion-proof boxes or fittings are allowed. General purpose gasketed cover type fittings are allowed in Division 2 areas. 

Seals are required at entries by conduit or cable to explosion-proof enclosures containing arcing or high-temperature devices in Division 1 and Division 2 locations. It is not required to seal IM in. or smaller conduits into explosion-proof enclosures in Division 1 areas housing switches, circuit breakers, fuses, relays, etc., if their current-interrupting contacts are hermetically sealed or under oil (having a 2-in. minimum immersion for power contacts and 1-in. for control contacts). 

Seals are required where 2 in. or larger conduits enter explosion-proof enclosures containing taps, splices, or terminals in Division 1 areas (but not Division 2 areas). 

Std. 3615 Explosion-proof Electrical Equipment Std. 3610 Electrical Intrinsically Safe Apparatus and Associated Apparatus for Use in Class I, II, and III, Division 1, Hazardous Locations... 

Cascading effects Check valve Clogged (of filter) Consensus standard Conservation vent Dike, berm Discharge valve Division (in electrical area classification) Downspout Expansion joint Explosion proof Faucet... 

Balcerzak, M. H., M. R. Johnson, and F. R. Kurz. 1966. Nuclear blast simulation. Part I—Detonable gas explosion. Final eport DASA 1972-1. Niles, 111. General American Research Division. 

Explosion effects are commonly separated into a number of classes. The main division is between direct and indirect effects. Sometimes, direct effects ate referred to as primary effects, and indirect effects ate then subdivided into secondary and tertiary effects. 

If the pumps are located indoors, a Division 1 classification is likely to apply. Motors must be Class 1, group D, explosion-proof, or they may be separately ventilated with clean outside air brought to the motor by fans. Auxiliary devices such as alarm contacts on the motor must be suitable for the area classification. The installed costs, overall efficiencies, and service factors associated with the enclosures that are available will influence the selection. 

Motors are suitable for use in general purpose areas and in Class I, Division 2, Group C and D areas for a wide range of pump fluid temperatures. For Class I, Division 1 Group C and D U.L listed, explosion proof motore are available. 

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