Disruptive technology

This leads us to the realm of disruptive technologies. Christensen [8] presents the innovator s dilemma, where the large company focused on meeting current customer demand on a large scale ignores the disruptive opportunity because it looks like too small a market to make a difference on the balance sheet. Further, the opportunity is ignored because it does not fit in the current business model or address the needs of the current customer base. 

Robert L. Lichter, The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation I found your notion of disequilibrium intriguing. There was a book published in 1997 called The Innovator s Dilemma, by Harvard business school professor Clayton M. Christensen (Harvard Business School Press), which offers similar ideas in the context of technical innovation. He discusses the concept of disruptive technologies, the notion that real change is made when new concepts actually challenge existing views of what is useful and important. I can see connections there with your points. 

As indicated earlier, similar to other disruptive technologies, CMP also endured and overcame skepticisms. Many questions were asked. Can CMP process deliver consistent wafer-to-wafer and run-to-run reproducibility Would the abrasive particles introduce cross-contamination in the device fabrication manufacturing facility Can the particle-induced defects such as scratch and delamination be minimized Can CMP serve as a long-term, robust semiconductor manufacturing technology During the last 20 years, the CMP community has answered these and... 

As real as these challenges are, they are offset by the opportunities presented by the pursuit of sustainability. Much has been made of so-called disruptive technologies - the advances rewrite the basis of competition and force abrupt changes on markets and the companies that participate in them. Whenever a disruptive technological change occurs, companies that have pushed the advance, and others that have the capacity for rapid adaptation, enjoy dramatic successes. Slow-moving, backward-looking companies falter. 

AFV penetration has been most successful in markets that are small, well-defined, and with limited competition, such as in the transit bus, garbage truck, school bus, and taxi markets. Yet these are the same markets least likely to catalyze broader market penetration. Some have suggested alternative fuels, especially battery electric vehicles, may be able to carve out new market niches as "disruptive technologies" that serve unmet consumer needs (Christensen, 1997). Yet the size, scale, and diversity of the existing transportation market works against this by providing a huge portfolio of options for almost every consumer transportation need. 

Thus, the weak but emerging importance of fuel economy and environmental friendliness, along with the growing importance of electric capacity, can serve as market drivers for automotive fuel cells. However, even if the technology s technical and infrastructure barriers are overcome, these drivers are unlikely to make the business case compelling over the next two decades because lower cost, less disruptive technologies can meet such needs for the foreseeable future (DeCicco, 2001). 

As an important step-change and disruptive technology, the CVD has been developed since 1960s into a relatively mature and reliable manufacturing technique. The development of CVD could be divided into four key eras, based on the maturity and the application nature of the technology ... 

Information Technology (IT) has been called a disruptive technology, not because it interferes with the traditional personal doctor/patient relationship, but because it will leave behind those who do not embrace it. The invention of the electrical speech machine by Alexander Graham Bell was a disruptive technology that revolutionized communication. Information ethnology helps standardize and speed up medical care so that more patients can be treated at reduced cost. IT extends the physician s brain by providing information at his or her fingertips. 

I encourage you to spend some time reading, in detail, this document. It is clearly the best treatise on a disruptive technology and its potential impact, particularly with regard to chemical and biological defense. 

Organic electronics is a disruptive technology that is likely to create a wealth of hitherto unimaginable new products-OE-A will keep you updated. 

Revolutionary versus Evolutionary Designs Will the Internet, and the virtual prototypes, choice-boards and toolkits it spawns, make firms more likely to emphasize rapid evolutionary designs (e.g., to present an ever changing web experience) If so, how might this impact more fundamental revolutionary innovation Could reliance on an e-commerce strategy actually make firms more vulnerable to attack by disruptive technologies ... 

Bower, J.L., C.M. Christensen. 1995. Disruptive Technologies Catching the Wave. Harvard Business Review (Jan./Feb.), 43-53. 

Distributed generation (DG) is electricity generation sited close to the load it serves, typically in the same building or complex. The DG embraces a palette of technologies in varying stages of availability, from entrenched to pilot. It is sometimes called a disruptive technology because of its potential to upset the utility industry s apple cart. 

For efficient extraction of materials from inside of the cells, cell disruption is necessary. As this process step involves high energy and cost input, usually high concentrations of feed, 50—200kgm , are used. To date, disruption technologies involve complete disruption of cells and focus on the recovery of specific cell components. The main objective of all decomposition methods is to release as much of the desired product as possible from the algae, taking into account the economic viability of the process. 

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