Responsibility and risk

The dose-response relationship is by default assumed to be linear in the absence of mechanistic evidence to the contrary, at least in the observable range of the response, and risks are often linearly extrapolated into the low-dose range. 

Crump, C., Crump, K., Hack, E., Luippold, R., Mundt, K., Liebig, E., Panko, J., Paustenbach, D., and Proctor, D. (2003). Dose-response and risk assessment of airborne hexavalent chromium and lung cancer mortality. Risk Anal 23(6), 1147-1163. 

Sterile products clearly place extra challenges on the pack in terms of the materials employed and the processes/procedures involved in the filling and packing operations. They also involve the greatest level of risk to the user/patient since the administration of sterile products involves direct injection, thus bypassing the body s natural defences. Because of this increased risk for the patient, the pharmaceutical company is exposed to a greater degree of responsibility and risk via product liability claims. 

This chapter has illustrated the applications of PBPK/PD modeling to dsses.s OP and potentially CM insecticide dosimetry, biological response, and risk in humans exposed to thc.se insecticides. Pharmacokinelic.s is concerned with the quantitative integration of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion and can be used to provide insight into the toxicological responses associated with... 

Schwartz, P, Gibb, B. (1999). When good companies do bad things Responsibility and risk in an age of globalization. New York Wiley. 

Bridge J A, Iyengar S, Salary CB et al. 2007. Clinical response and risk for reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in pediatric antidepressant treatment A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 297(15) 1683-1696. 

Once the categorization has been finished, a working plan for the risk assessment needs to be drawn up. The plan will practically create the structure for the risk assessment operation. It will encompass the hst of risk famihes, the hst of responsibilities and risk owners, the hst of tasks that need to be fulfilled, the level of details employed in the analysis and the overall methodology. Deadhnes and a timeframe will also be included in this plan. 

The multiple tradeoffs involving factors such as cost, quick response, and risk in moving from onshore to offshore operations are shown in Fig. 4.13. It suggests many choices for a company in terms of various combinations of onshore and offshore facilities. An example would be EDS s portfolio of onshore and offshore facilities - based on uncertainty, cost, and language requirements (Kolakota and Robinson 2004). Such a portfolio can be interpreted, in the context of Fig. 4.13, as the choice of cells where the company likes to position itself. 

Chapter 7 incorporates disruption risk in a supply chain network design model. Supply chain network design decisions that determine the number and location of facilities and the selection of transportation modes have a significant impact on competitive performance. However, facilities and transportation links are susceptible to disruptions. In addition, they have different capacities to cope with those disruptions, which contribute to supply chain resilience. This chapter provides a framework to quantify the risk level of supply chain nodes and links. Then, a multiple objective optimization model is presented for designing a resilient supply chain network, with an emphasis on balancing the cost, responsiveness, and risk of the supply chain. 

Friedman Friedman, Free to Choose, 206 Peter W. Huber, Liability The Legal Revolution and Its Consequences 14-15 (1988) Irving Kristol, Two Cheers for Capitalism 56 (1978) Deborah J. LaFetra, Freedom, Responsibility, and Risk Fundamental Principles Supporting Tort Reform, 36 Ind. L. Rev. 645, 645-48 (2003). 

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