Disposal issues

1 Biocides. Provisions for biocide disposal are part of a safe biocide application plan. Biocide wastes are toxic and their disposal is regulated. Improper disposal of excess biocide is a violation of federal law. Nalco s Porta-Feed program eliminates most customer concerns about disposal of biocide containers, because empty Porta-Feeds are returned to Nalco for handling. Trial quantities should be used entirely to avoid problems with disposal. When nothing is left, no disposal is necessary. 

Small test quantities (e.g., two-ounce samples) of Nalco biocides also require proper disposal. Ideally the samples can be disposed of through addition to mill process waters where the biocides are normally fed. If the mill wastewater treatment system is large (e.g., million gallon/day volumes) it is probably safe to rinse the remains of a laboratory sample into the waste treatment system. Triple-rinse the bottles after emptying. Biocides should not be discharged to the sanitary sewer. Rinsing them into a home septic system could destroy the bacteria that treat your household sewage. The ideal disposal method is to use up the entire sample. 

2 Petrifilms and agar plates. Petrifilms and agar plates can be sterilised through a variety of means. These include autoclaving, incineration in a hog fuel burner or other mill incinerator, or soaking the materials in a strong bleach solution for an hour. The materials can then be discarded. 

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Methods for synthesis of the thia olium ring also have matured technically based on the cost, throughput, and waste disposal issues of production. In earlier syntheses, the 2-carbon and the sulfur atom were suppHed as potassium dithioformate, made from chloroform and potassium sulfide. 

Disposal issues pertaining to unreacted batches, incomplete batches or off-spec products. 

Undercharge of catalyst. Potential for accumulation of reactants and subsequent runaway reaction. Possibility of no reaction resulting in a waste disposal issue. 

Once the candidate corrective measure alternatives have been identified, a more detailed evaluation of each alternative needs to be undertaken. From an engineering perspective, the first step in the evaluation process would include the development of a conceptual design for each alternative. The conceptual design would consist of a process description, a process flow diagram and a layout drawing. Preliminary sizing of equipment and utility and land requirements would be developed. In addition, chemical requirements and residuals produced can be estimated. From the conceptual design, permitability and residuals disposal issues can be identified and addressed. 

The permanganate reaction produced a heavy precipitate which limited reaction productivity and the resulting waste was a disposal issue. The yield proved to be variable on scale up. 

Recommendation 5. The Army should proceed as soon as possible to develop means to address secondary waste processing/disposal issues at sites employing disposal technologies other than incineration, and should seek early regulatory and stakeholder approval for such means. 

The changing pattern of the availability of conventional petroleum has focused the attention of refiners on heavy feedstocks and their economic use is a necessity (Dickenson et al., 1997). The move to process these less desirable feedstocks has led to legislation to control the amount of sulfur in the various grades of liquid fuels. This, in turn, has meant that processing facilities must be adjusted accordingly to effectively remove the sulfur from the feedstocks (or products) as an integral part of the processing sequence. Furthermore, the lack of use of residua can also create environmental problems due to disposal issues or result in the production of low-quality asphalt that has limited life span in service. 

Objectives Gather data from ANCDF and contractor personnel on site-specific secondary waste disposal issues related to committee task. Discuss specific regulatory issues and concerns with Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) and gain input and perspective on secondary waste issues from local citizens. 

It addition to the specific disposal issue, public involvement may affect the overall process for negotiation of contentious matters, including fu-... 

Action Assist in assessing potable water and waste-water/solid-waste disposal issues conduct field investigations, including collection and laboratory analysis of relevant samples provide water purification and wastewater/solid-waste disposal equipment and supplies and provide technical assistance and consultation on potable water and wastewater/solid-waste disposal issues. 

While physical refining will continue to receive attention, aUcah refining is likely to continue to be the preferred choice where soapstock disposal issues can be resolved economically. Unlike some physical refining systems, alkah refining allows the processor to properly prepare almost any type (and any condition) of oil to produce a quality product. Alkali refining introduces its special set of maintenance, environmental, and neutral oil loss issues for which the processor must continually be alert. 

Tetramethyl Ammonium Hydroxide (TMAH). TMAH, (CH3)4NOH, etchant has been developed more recently for anisotropic etching of silicon. It is relatively safe to use and presents no special disposal issues. It has a very low oxide etch rate and does not attack aluminum if the soluhon contains a certain amount of silicates. However, hillocks tends to develop in this solution. ... 

Waste Treatment and Disposal. Issues in Environmental Science and Technology, no. 3. Cambridge, U.K. Royal Society of Chemistry, 1995. 

Offsite Disposal Issues, 48 Transportation Risk, 48 Permit Modification, 49 Waste Characterizations, 49 National Environmental Protection Act, 50... 

Chemical Weapons Disposal, Issues Related to DOD s Management,... 

Benefits of superior technology in Organic Chemistry are multiple lower cost raw materials, shorter synthesis routes, improved yields, selectivity and kinetics, resulting in better productivity. Higher transformation rates of less hazardous materials leads to healthier, cleaner operations with reduced waste disposal issues. Last but not least, process safety is continually upgraded as more intimate knowledge of chemical reactions and other unit operations is achieved. 

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