Characterization of waste

4 Disposal of Chemically Contaminated Medical Waste and Sharps 157 

D Procedures for the Laboratory-Scale Treatment of Surplus and Waste Chemicals 160 

1 Chemicals in Which Neither the Cation Nor the Anion Presents a Significant Hazard 166 

3 Chemicals in Which the Cation Presents a Relatively High Hazard from Toxicity 167 

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Toxicological Characterization of Waste-Related Products Using Alternative Methods ... 

In this chapter three case studies are introduced as examples of the application of alternative methods for the toxicological characterization of waste-related products. 

Summarizing, this first example of toxicological characterization of waste-related products using alternative methods clearly suggests that ... 

Smith, K. S., Campbell, D. L. et at. 2002. Chapter C, Toolkit for the rapid screening and characterization of waste piles on abandoned mine lands. In Seal II, R. R. Foley, N. K. (eds) Progress on Geoenvironmental Models for Selected Mineral Deposit Types. US Geological Survey, Denver CO, USA, US Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-195. 

Radioactive Characterization of waste e.g., 129l, 79Se, 236U, Pu, ... 

Recommendation 4-2. The Army should define the quantity and characteristics of anticipated nonprocess waste streams and evaluate options for the final disposition of each type of waste. On-site processes should be developed and demonstrated for treating all agent-contaminated wastes. Methods of representative sampling and characterization of wastes should be developed to verify that treated wastes are free of agent to below appropriate risk thresholds. 

Second, not all chemical wastes that contain hazardous substances are deemed to be hazardous. EPA considers wastes that contain certain hazardous substances (heavy metals and organic compounds, including carcinogens and noncarcinogens) not to be hazardous if the leachability of the substances from the waste form is limited. This characterization of waste as nonhazardous is based on EPA s judgment that potential risks to humans resulting from disposal of the waste would not exceed acceptable levels. 

EN 12457-1 (2003) Characterization of waste - Leaching - Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges - Part 1 One-stage batch test at a liquid to solids ratio of 2 L/kg for materials with high solids content and with a particle size below 4 mm (with or without size reduction), CEN/TC292/WG2, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels. 

EN 14405 (2002) Characterization of waste - Leaching behavior test - Up-flow percolation test, CEN/TC292/WG6, European Committee for Standardization, Bmssels. 

BS EN 13370 2003. 2003. Characterization of waste. Analysis of eluates. Determination of Ammonium, AOX, conductivity, Hg, phenol index, TOC, easily liberatable CN, F. British Standards. 

Chemical-Structural Characterization of Waste Material and Leachability Tests... 

Lin Z. (1997) Mineralogical and chemical characterization of wastes from a sulfuric acid industry in Falun Sweden. Environ. Geol. 30, 153-162. 

Srivastava, V. j. (1993). Manufactured Gas Plant Sites Characterization of Wastes and IGT s Innovative Remediation Alternatives." Paper presented at Hazardous and Environmentally Sensitive Waste Management in the Gas Industry, Albuquerque, NM, January. 

Regarding procedures for characterization of waste, harmonization on various objectives and leaching/extraction test methods is undertaken by European Standardization Network CEN, Technical Committee (TC) 292, and a distinction is made between three types of leaching tests which will be applied in different circumstances (Van der Sloot et al. 1997, Van der Sloot 1998, 2002) ... 

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