Permanganate reactions

The use of sofid supports in conjunction with permanganate reactions leads to modification of the reactivity and selectivity of the oxidant. The use of an inert support, such as bentonite (see Clays), copper sulfate pentahydrate, molecular sieves (qv) (151), or sifica, results in an oxidant that does not react with alkenes, but can be used, for example, to convert alcohols to ketones (152). A sofid supported permanganate reagent, composed of copper sulfate pentahydrate and potassium permanganate (153), has been shown to readily convert secondary alcohols into ketones under mild conditions, and in contrast to traditional permanganate reactivity, the reagent does not react with double bonds (154). 

Sofid sodium permanganate monohydrate has been shown to be a selective synthetic reagent (156). It is typically used in hexane for the heterogeneous oxidation of aldehydes, alcohols, and sulfides. Synthetic methodology based on crystal surfaces exhibited greater selectivity, higher yield, and easier work-up as compared to aqueous permanganate reactions. 

It is, of course, possible to calculate the influence of the change of concentration of certain constituents of the system by the use of the latter equation. Consider, for example, the permanganate reaction ... 

The permanganate reaction produced a heavy precipitate which limited reaction productivity and the resulting waste was a disposal issue. The yield proved to be variable on scale up. 

As was demonstrated by addition of epoxide under reaction conditions, the epoxide is not the precursor of the cis diol. The cis dihydroxylation is probably a two-step reaction, first with addition of a H202-derived oxygen atom to the double bond, followed by insertion of a Mn-coordinated oxygen atom (water or OH-). It is clear that the availability of free coordination sites in cis positions on the Mn (4b) is important for understanding the formation of cis dihydroxylated products. This is the first example of a cis dihydroxylation that is catalytic and uses Mn the route is therefore an alternative to stoichiometric permanganate reactions or to catalytic methods with more... 

Isothiochromanone is easily oxidized to its potassium permanganate. Reactions of this sulfone are shown in Scheme... 

Permanganate Reactions (17-1) and (17-2) are irreversible half-reactions, and their potentials are not subject to direct measurement. For permanganate, by taking proper precautions (especially by using properly prepared, pure manganese dioxide), it is... 

The reaction stoichiometry of permanganate (typically provided as liquid or solid KMnO, but also available in Na, Ca, or Mg salts) in natural systems is complex. Owing to its multiple valence states and mineral forms, Mn can participate in numerous reactions. The reactions proceed at a somewhat slower rate than the previous two reactions, according to second-order kinetics. Depending on pH, the reaction can include destraction by direct electron transfer or free-radical advanced oxidation. Permanganate reactions are effective over a pH range of 3.5-12. 

The acids (IVab) produced from both the barium permanganate reaction and also from treatment with the oxidizing agent osmium tetroxide were found to be identical, as were their phenylhydrazides and these, in turn, were found to differ from the acids (Illab) formed by the hypochlorous acid method. These acids (Illab, IVab) were therefore considered by Glattfeld and Woodruff to be the two theoretically possible dl dihydroxy acids of the 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acids. 

In presence of a drop of V(II) or V(III) solution, the titration can be carried out even at room temperature but it will be fast on warming to 40 C. The titre will be the same as in absence of V solution except for a small blank (using the same drop of V solution and oxidising with the same permanganate solution). The oxalate/permanganate reaction was also kinetically studied in J.Chem.Educ.6S im) A2. 

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