Dispersing suppositories

Orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) peel wax dispersant, sunscreen actives sun care Octyl hydroxystearate benzoate dispersant, suppositories Glyceryl caprate Octyidodecyl stearoyl stearate PolyglyceryMO decaoleate Polyglyceryl-6 dioleate Polyglyceryl-3 stearate... 

Diclofenac is available as dispersible tablets, tablets, gel, suppositories and for intravenous or intramuscular injection. The maximum dose of diclofenac administered via any route is 150 mg. As v/ith other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, concomitant use in patients receiving venlafaxine increases the risk of bleeding. 

Suppositories are conical or ovoid shape solid preparation made up of fat (cocoa butter oil or theobroma oil), a wax or a glycerine-gelatin jelly. They are used for insertion into the rectum, where they melt, dissolve and disperse and exert their action - local as well as systemic. 

Because of the widespread applications of surface chemistry, practically all industries, knowingly or otherwise, make use of the principles of surface chemistry. Countless cosmetic and pharmaceutical products are emulsions—lotions, creams, ointments, suppositories, etc. Food emulsions include milk, margarine, salad dressings and sauces. Adhesive emulsions, emulsion paints, self-polishing waxes, waterless hand cleaners and emulsifiable insecticide concentrates are commonplace examples of emulsions, which fall within the province of surface chemistry. Other products winch function in accordance with the principles of smface chemistry include detergents of every variety, fabric softeners, antistatic agents, mold releases, dispersants and flocculants. 

Liquids and semisolids. Include oral liquids, injectable, aqueous, and oil-based liquids, emulsions, suspensions, dispersions, solutions, drops, lotions, creams, ointments, pastes, gels, liniments, aerosols and foams, suppositories, and pessaries. 

Ondansetron is available in a liquid form (4 mg/5 mL syrup), oral lyophilisates (tablets which are placed on the tongue, allowed to disperse and then swallowed) or suppositories (although these can cause rectal irritation). 

The large-scale manufacture of suppositories and pessaries uses either the fusion method where the drug is dispersed in a molten base and the mixture poured into molds to solidify, or the cold compression methodJ In the latter process, the medicament and cold-grated base, usually theobroma oil or witepsol base, are intimately mixed and placed in a cylinder. The mass is extruded by means of a piston through small holes that connect with the mold. The cavities are filled by pressure with the mass which is prevented from escaping by movable end plates. The plates are removed and the suppositories ejected by further extrusion. The extrusion equipment is chilled to prevent melting of the components due to the heat generated by the friction of compression. 

Several non-ionic surface-active materials have been developed as suppositories vehicles. Many of these bases, known as water-dispersible bases, can be used for the formulation of both water-soluble and oil-soluble drugs. The surfactants most commonly used are thepolyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (Tweens), the polyoxyethylene stearates, and the sorbitan fatty acidesters (Spans). These surfactants may be used alone, blended, or with other suppository base materials to yield a wide range of melting points and consistencies. 

In aerosols, other than those for inhalation, colloidal silicon dioxide is used to promote particulate suspension, eliminate hard settling, and minimize the clogging of spray nozzles. Colloidal silicon dioxide is also used as a tablet disintegrant and as an adsorbent dispersing agent for liquids in powders. Colloidal silicon dioxide is frequently added to suppository formulations containing lipophilic excipients to increase... 

Certain fat-soluble medications, such as chloral hydrate, may depress the melting point when incorporated into a base. Similarly, when large amounts of an active substance, either solid or liquid, have to be dispersed into a base, the rheological characteristics of the resultant suppository may be changed, with concomitant effects on release and absorption. Careful selection of bases or the inclusion of additives may therefore be necessary. 

In spite of the many papers published on them and the often major improvements in bioavailability and the stability they provide, solid solutions and dispersions in povidone have up to now only found use in a few commercial products. Tables 81 and 82 show how phenytoin and nifedipine, for example, can be processed relatively straightforwardly in the form of a physical mixture or coprecipitate with povidone. Cyclosporine, oxodipine and spironolactone tablets or nor-ethindrone suppositories are further examples [508,533,566,575]. It is interesting to compare the dissolution data for phenytoin after manufacture and after two years storage at room temperature in Figs. 52 and 53 no major difference can be seen. 

Use Chemicals, especially stearates and stearate driers lubricants soaps pharmaceuticals and cosmetics accelerator activator dispersing agent and softener in rubber compounds shoe and metal polishes coatings food packaging suppositories and ointments. 

Use As dispersants, cream bases, emollients, refatting agents, emulsifiers, suppository bases, and consistency regulators. 

EINECS 220-336-3 Isooctadecanoic acid Isostearic acid 16-Methylheptadecanoic acid 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Emersol 871 Proto-Lan IP Prisorine 3608 Imwitor 780K. Mixture of branched chain 18 carbon aliphatic acids used in cosmetics, chemicals, dispersant, softener in rubber compounds, food packaging, suppositories and ointments. Liquid d = 0.96-0.98 viscosity = 700-900 mPa s HLB=3.7 acid no = 3 max iodine no = 10 max sapon no = 240-260 LDeo (rat orl) >6 g/kg. Degussa-Huls Corp. Henkel/Emery Nissan Chem. ind. Unichema Union Camp. 

Chem. Descrip. Glyceryl capiylate/caprate Uses Solvent, dispersant, emulsifier, solubilizer, vehicle, carrier, penetrant, bacteriostat for pharmaceuticals (aerosols, clinical nutrition, coating, delivery/absorp. enhancement, dermatologicals, microemulsions, nutritional/sports supplements, suppositories) dispersant, emulsifier, solubilizer, carrier tor cosmetics (creams/lotions, lip, foundation, sun care preps.) solubilizer, solvent, carrier, vise, modifier in flavors, fragrances Properties Lovibond 4R max. liq. to semisolid sol. in oil and alcohol HLB 5.5-6.0 add no. 2.5 max. iodine no. 2 max. nonionic 55% min. alpha mono... 

Chem. Desarip. Glyceiyl monocaprate CAS 26402-22-2 EINECS/ELINCS 247-667-6 Uses Dispersant, solubilizer, emulsifier, vehide, carrier, penetrant, bacteriostat in pharmaceuticals (coating, microemulsions, soft gelatin capsules, suppositories) moisturizer, solubilizer, vise, modifier for cosmetics (lipsticks, creams/btions, ointments, makeup removers, eye pendl, bath/shower preps.) solubilizer, solvent, carrier, vise, modifier in flavors, fragrances... 

Uses Binder, emulsifier, surfactant, dispersant, emollient for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, creams/lotions chemicals softener in rubber compds., food pkg., suppositories, ointments deleafing inhibitor (aerosol metallic paints) detergent intermediate for personal care, household and industrial applies. soap/shampoo ingred. mfg. of esters, lubricants, cosmetics, soaps, creams, textile and plastic auxs., plasticizers... 

Uses Emulsifier, dispersant, lubricant, solubilizer, emollient for foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, delivety/absorp. enhancement, derma-tologicals, suppositories Reguiatory FDA 21 CFR 172.854 ManufJDistrib. A E Connock ABITEC Trade Names Caprol 10G10O... 

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