Discarded tires

Tire disposal costs are 0.10—3.00 per tire. Cost for incineration without heat recovery is 0.35—0.70 per tire. Transportation of discarded tires can cost 0.04/kg, and size reduction can cost 0.20—0.60/kg. Distribution of passenger car tires is landfill, 85% retreaded, 10% and reclaimed, burned for fuel, and spht, 5%. 

Recycling of Discarded Tire in Some Countries and Regions... 

Meador, W.R., Method and apparatus for recovering constituents from discarded tires, US patent, 5,720, 232, 1998. 

How does one know whether a body of water is polluted In some cases, the answer to that question is easy. Just looking at a river or stream sometimes reveals the presence of dead plants and animals, discarded tires and plastic bottles, oil films, and other obvious evidence of pollution. But detecting pollution is not always that easy. Water that looks crystal clear and pure may sometimes harbor disease-causing organisms, toxic chemicals, or other materials that make It unsafe to drink or use. One of the pioneers in developing methods for detecting water pollution is Ruth Patrick. 

About 242 million automotive, truck, and off-road tires are discarded in the United States each year. This is approximately equal to one waste tire per person per year. Additionally, there are 33.5 million tires that are retreaded and an estimated 10 million that are reused each year as second-hand tires. It is estimated that 7 percent of the discarded tires are currently being recycled into new products and 11 percent are converted to energy. Nearly 78 percent are being landfilled, stockpiled, or illegally dumped, with the remainder being exported. 

It is the goal of the EPA to eliminate illegal dumping altogether and to reduce the stockpiling and landfilling of discarded tires as much as possible. The report,... 

Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc. Status, Trends, and Impediments to Discarded Tire Collection and Resource Recovery. April 23, 1989. 

Recently, the carbon blacks, obtained by the pyrolysis of discarded tires and proposed for several years, have been evaluated. This process, run either at normal or reduced pressure, yields gas, oils, and chars. It was found that the carbon blacks obtained from the chars by most of the processes in operation worldwide have similar physico-chemical characteristics. Moreover, from the results published in a recent international conference devoted to this subject, it has beeu found that, due to their properties, these carbon blacks could be used to reinforce rubber, either alone or as additive to normal carbon blacks obtained as usual from pyrolysis of petroleum [57]. 

Experimental testing indicated the potential value of using discarded tires as a construction material for low cost shore and harbor protection. TWo types of modular assembly methods with available connecting materials were examined by Armstrong and Peterson [6] floating tire breakwaters and tire revetments. Floating tire breakwaters provide wave attenuation in marinas and small harbors in both slat and freshwater. Tire revetment mats hold the promise as a low cost approach to certain shore erosion problems. 

In addition to use of organic chemicals, mbbers can be devulcanized by means of inorganic compounds. Discarded tires and tire factory waste were devulcanized by desulfurization of suspended mbber vulcanizate cmmb (typically 10 30 mesh) in a solvent such as toluene, naphtha, benzene, or cyclohexane in the presence of sodium (Myers et al., 1997). The alkali metal cleaves mono-, di-, and polysulfidic crosslinks of the swollen and suspended vulcanized mbber crumb at around 300°C in the absence of oxygen. However, this process may not be economical because the process involves swelling of the vulcanized mbber crumb in an organic solvent where the metallic sodium in molten condition should reach the sulfidic crosslink sites in the mbber cmmb. Also, solvent may cause pollution and be hazardous. A technology was also proposed to reclaim powder mbbers using an iron oxide phenyl hydrazine based catalyst (Kawabata et al., 1981) and copper(I) chloride-tributylamine catalyst (Kawabata et al., 1979). 

A Trombe wall captures solar energy to heat a massive inner wall that then radiates that heat into the interior of a building through air convection. Energy-efficient houses can be built from discarded tires that have been packed full of earth. 

A Suggestion of an Effective Reverse Logistics System for Discarded Tires in Japan... 

Abstract This chapter analyzes the current issues and proposes an effective reverse logistics system for discarded tires, which considers collection, transportation, and intermediate treatment enterprises, elements that are not involved in forward logistics. The possibility of constructing a reverse logistics network over a wide area is examined from a viewpoint based on previous studies and practices concerning the constmction of a forward logistics network. The result revealed that these improvement measures for the reverse logistics can be effectively functioned. 

Keywords Reverse logistics Modal shift Cooperative logistics Discarded tires... 

In Japan, for the security, the reuse of automobile tires is currentiy not popular. However, after collection from gas stations and wreckers, many discarded tires are given an intermediate treatment for conversion to fuel chips, and the fuel chips are used in boilers in cement factories and paper and steel mills as a form of thermal recycling. 

In 1994, Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturers Association (JATMA) unified the names of various used tires into discarded tires. Since fuel chips are valuable materials, their transportation and distribution belong to forward logistics instead of the reverse logistics performed by the collection and transportation enterprises. 

In the case where the same enterprise performs collection, transportation, and intermediate treatment of discarded tires, as well as distribution of fuel chips derived from discarded tires to paper and steel mills as thermal recycling, the enterprise must be engaged in the area of reverse logistics as well as of forward logistics, including storage and distribution of the recycled products. 

Reproducing the present status of a Japanese company A s collection system for discarded tires and performing a scenario analysis of the future possibility of the collection system allow investigation of the present situation. It also allows exploration of further possibilities for the collection system for discarded tires and the measures needed to realize an efficient reverse logistics network. 

Company A, which recycles discarded tires at Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan, has licenses for collection, transportation, and intermediate treatment of discarded... 

A 4-ton tmck collects 1000 discarded tires from tire dealers, gas stations, car shops, and auto accessory stores every day. Since these tires caimot be collected all at once, they are collected two or three times. The weight of a tire is approximately 8 kg, and the tires are collected using boxes. Although a maximum of 200 tires can be put into each box, in many cases only about 150 tires are put into the box because the tires are not stacked neatly. 

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