Dimethylformamide physical properties

Design Institute for Physical Property Data dimethylformamide dimethylsulfoxide I distribution octane number Economic Commission for Europe j European Economic Community i (Communaute Economique Europeenne)... 

Although a number of solvents have been used by different workers, only a few enjoy continued favor. In Table 7.11 the physical properties of more than 50 solvents are listed (not all of them are aptotic). In the following paragraphs some of the properties and purification methods for four solvents are discussed acetonitrile, propylene carbonate (PC), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO). These are the most widely used solvents and prob-... 

The bulk physical properties of the polymers of the 2-cyanoacryhc esters appear in Table 2. All of these polymers are soluble in iV-methylpyrrohdinone, /V,/V-dimethylformamide, and nitromethane. The adhesive bonding properties of typical formulated adhesives are listed in Table 3. 

The adsorption of Ag(L)2 complex was carried out from its solutions (in benzene, ethanol, dimethylformamide (DMF)) of different composition on the solid s ilicon substrates using the layer-by-layer self-assembling method. Behavior of Ag(L)2 in ethanol and DMF was studied. The physical properties of these solvents, in particular, donor numbers and dielectric constants are rather different [3]. 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES white or gray solid colorless solid odorless soluble in dimethylformamide (DMF) soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, cyclohexanone, isopropanol, and xylene freely soluble in chloroform slightly soluble in water MP (145°C, 293°F) BP (decomposes) DN (1.232 gW at 20°C) SG (1,23) VP (<0.00004mmHg at 25°C). 

From the foregoing discussion, the propensity of a sample to undergo micro-wave heating is related to its dielectric and physical properties. Compounds with high dielectric constants (e.g. ethanol and dimethylformamide) tend to absorb microwave irradiation readily whereas less polar substances (for example aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons) or compounds with no net dipole moment (e.g. carbon dioxide, dioxane, and tetrachloromethane) and highly ordered crystalline materials, are poorly absorbing. 

In this short section, we focus mainly on four types of fluorinated solvents, traditional and new, which are available for ordinary organic synthesis. These are benzotrifluoride (BTF) 1, fluorous ether F-626 2, fluorous dimethylformamide (F-DMF) 3, and perfluorohexanes such as FC-72 4, whose physical properties are summarized in Table 3.5-1. The challenges to explore the green potentials of fluorous media have just begun but, no doubt, the concept is growing to constitute another important aspect of fluorous chemistry. 

Jover et al. (2007JQCS385) utihzed ANN to compose a multicomponent system to correlate pIQ of 94 phenols in protic (water, methanol, isopropanol, and tert-butanol) and aprotic (DMSO, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), AN, nitromethane, acetone, and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA)) solvents. The phenols were characterized hy CODESSA descriptors and the solvents hy several physical properties and the most used multiparametric polarity solvent scales. The final model contained seven descriptors—five of them belonging to the solutes and the remaining two to the solvents. RMSE and (R ) of 0.71 (0.982), 0.83 (0.977), and 0.95 (0.975) for the... 

Chemical and Physical Properties The major physical and mechanical properties of poly(caprolactone) are summarized briefly in Table 1.5. Its physical and mechanical properties depend mainly on its molecular weight and crystallinity. In general, aromatic and some polar solvents such as benzene, toluene, cyclohexanone, dichloromethane and 2-nitropropane are good solvents for PCL. Water, alcohols, petroleum ether, diethylether are poor solvents for PCL. PCL can be slightly soluble in acetonitrile, acetone, 2-butanone, ethyl acetate and dimethylformamide. 

According to above principles, the nature of solvents and Solvent Handbook, this articl selected five representative solvents sulfolane, glycerol, dioctyl phthalate, N-methylpyrrolidone and N, N-dimethylformamide. The physical properties of five solvents were shown in Table 1. 

The main applications of oxalyl chloride, as described in Chapter 4, are the formation of aryl isocyanates and chloroformates (by reactions with amines and hydroxylic substrates, respectively), and the formation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids under very mild conditions. Oxalyl chloride reacts with amides to give acyl isocyanates, and it is used with dimethyl sulfoxide as a mild reagent for the oxidation of alcohols (Swern-type oxidation). It is also used with N,N-dimethylformamide as a mild reagent for chlorination and formylation. Oxalyl chloride is widely used in commercial formulations of speciality polymers, antioxidants, photographic chemicals, X-ray contrasting agents, and chemiluminescent materials. Other physical properties are presented in Chapter 3. 

Polar solvents may interact strongly with a mineral oxide surface. In principle, the adsorption of die solvent must be considered. Claesson [13] studied the adsorption of fatty acids by sihca from solvents of various polarities. The results show that polar solvents compete with the solute for available sites on the surface, while nonpolar solvents show little competition. The polarity of the solvent is often determined from the measured dielectric properties. Krishnakumar and Somasundaran [13] studied surfactant adsorption on to silica and alumina from solvents with various dielectric properties. The aim of the study was to look at the effect of adsorbent and smfactant acidities and solvent polarity on the adsorption properties of the surfactant molecules. They used anionic and cationic surfactants as adsorption probes. The results show that polar interactions control the adsorption from solvents of low dielectric properties while hydrocarbon chain interactions with the surface play an important role in determining adsorption from solvents of higher dielectric properties. It was also found that an acidic surfactant interacts strongly with a basic adsorbent, and vice versa. One should be aware that the polarity of a molecule as measmed from the dielechic properties is not always eorrelated with the ability of the molecules to form ion pairs. For example, dimethylformamide and nihomethane have almost equal dielechic constants. However, the extent of ion pairing in nihomethane is much greater than that in dimethylformamide. Thus, the solvent acidity and basicity are the physical properties which can best characterize the ability of the solvent to compete with the solute for available sites on the mineral surface. 

Following treatment with the alcoholic base and an alcohol rinse, the modified white residues can be removed by immersion in a mixture of an alcohol and an aggressive solvent. SEM and XPS analysis of a polyetherimide sample following treatment in a 50/50 mixture of dimethylformamide/methanol is shown in Figure 10. Little physical change to the plastic surface has occurred. The plastic surface properties, however, have now been altered. The sample is now water wettable. 

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