Differentiation induction factors

McArthur JC (2004) HIV dementia an evolving disease. J Neuroimmunol 157(l-2) 3-10 McArthur JC, Hoover DR, BaceUar H, MUler EN, Cohen BA, Becker JT, Graham NM, McArthur JH, Seines OA, Jacobson LP et al (1993) Dementia in AIDS patients incidence and risk factors. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Neurology 43(ll) 2245-2252 McManus CM, liu JS, Hahn MT, Hua LL, Brosnan CE, Berman JW, Lee SC (2000) Differential induction of chemokines in human microgUa by type I and II interferons. GUa 29(3) 273-280 McQuibban GA, Butler GS, Gong JH, BendaU L, Power C, Clark-Lewis I, OveraU CM (2001) Matrix metaUoproteinase activity inactivates the CXC chemokine stromal ceU-derived factor-1. J Biol Chem 276(47) 43503 3508... 

Levine, A.E. Chakrabarty, S. (1992) Response of FR3T3 cells transformed by Ha-ras oncogene and epidermal growth factor gene to differentiation induction by A A -dimethylformamide. Int. J. Cancer, 50, 653-658... 

Calderone, A., Takahashi, N., Izzo, N.J., Thaik, C.M., and Colucci, W.S. 1995. Pressure- and volume-induced left ventricular hypertrophies are associated with distinct myocyte phenotypes and differential induction of peptide growth factor mRNAs. Circulation 92 2385-2390. 

Some neuroblastoma cells overexpress the c-Kit receptor for its ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), and release SCF in an autocrine loop for self-stimulation of mitoses. Imatinib mesylate suppresses PDGF and tyrosine kinase c-Kit (GDI 17) expression. Somatostatin inhibited PDGF-induced phosphorylation of PDGFR and inhibited ras gene amplification. For local invasion, these tumor cells release MMP2/9. The synthetic MMP inhibitor, prinomastat, suppresses MMP production and tumor cell locomotion. However, MMP expression is promotional for neuroblastoma cell differentiation. The presence of MMP is necessary for the neurite formation of retinoic acid-treated neuroblastoma cells neurite formation is the first sign of differentiation induction (vide infra) [1624]. 

Iriyama N, Yuan B, Hatta Y, Horikoshi A, Yoshino Y, Toyoda H, Aizawa S, Takeuchi J. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor potentiates differentiation induction by all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide and enhances arsenic uptake in the acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line HT93A. Oncol Rep. 2012 28 1875-82. 

The introduction of the differential coupling factor given in Equation J13.5 into the Gibbs equation J13.3 to replace the magnetic flow provides a variation of apparent induction quantity (flux)... 

Cytokines, eg, interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and certain growth factors, could have antitumor activity directiy, or may modulate cellular mechanisms of antitumor activity (2). Cytokines may be used to influence the proliferation and differentiation of T-ceUs, B-ceUs, macrophage—monocyte, myeloid, or other hematopoietic cells. Alternatively, the induction of interferon release may represent an important approach for synthetic—medicinal chemistry, to search for effective antiinflammatory and antifibrotic agents. Inducers of interferon release may also be useful for lepromatous leprosy and chronic granulomatous disease. The potential cytokine and cytokine-related therapeutic approaches to treatment of disease are summarized in Table 4. A combination of cytokines is a feasible modaUty for treatment of immunologically related diseases however, there are dangers inherent in such an approach, as shown by the induction of lethal disserninated intravascular coagulation in mice adrninistered TNF-a and IFN-y. 

The earliest morphological change in the sebaceous follicle is an abnormal follicular epithelial differentiation, which results in ductal hypercornification. Cornified cells in the upper section of the follicular canal become abnormally adherent. Comedones represent the retention of hyperproliferating ductal keratinoc-ytes in the duct. Several factors have been implicated in the induction of hyperproliferation sebaceous lipid composition, androgens, local cytokine production (IL-i, EGF) and bacteria (P. acnes). 

PAMPs and various tissue factors can prime DCs to produce T-cell-polarizing factors [21], IL-12 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that induces IFN-y and promotes the development of Thl-cell differentiation [31], Other Thl-polarizing factors are IFN-a and IFN-(3 [32] and cell-surface expressed intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-l [33]. On the other hand, it has been shown that NF-kB inducing kinase (NIK), which is known to regulate B-cell maturation and lymphoid organogenesis, is important for the induction of Thl7 cells [34],... 

Villiger PM, Terkeltaub R, Lotz M. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in human articular cartilage. Induction by peptide regulatory factors and differential effects of dexamethasone and retinoic acid. J Clin Invest 1992 90(2) 488 196. 

The most clearly defined factors in determining the differentiation of Th responses are the cytokines present during T cell receptor engagement of the peptide MHC complex. IL-12 and IFN-y are important in the development of type 1 responses (Hsieh et al., 1993 Seder et al, 1993), while IL-4 is important in the induction of type 2 responses (Abishira-Amar et al., 1992 Seder et al., 1992). The importance of these cytokines in influencing... 

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