Dietary supplements vitamins

Complementary and alternative medicines A group of practices and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine, including alternative medical systems (e.g., homeopathic medicine and naturopathic medicine), mind-body interventions (e.g., meditation and mental healing), biologically-based therapies (e.g., dietary supplements, vitamins, herbs, and other natural products), manipulative body-based methods (e.g., acupuncture and massage), and energy therapies (e.g., therapeutic touch and bioelectromagnetic-based therapies). 

See also Dietary Supplements Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E. 

Vitamin B complex is the collective term for a number of water-soluble vitamins found particularly in dairy products, cereals and liver.Vitamin B (thiamine) is used by mouth for dietary supplement purposes and by injection in emergency treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is a constituent of the coenzyme FAD (flavine adenine dinucleotide) and FMN (flavine mononucleotide) and is therefore important in cellular respiration. Vitamin Be (pyridoxine) is a coenzyme for decarboxylases and transamination, and is concerned with many metabolic processes. Overdose causes peripheral neuropathy. It may be used medically for vomiting and radiation sickness and for premenstrual tension. Pyridoxine has a negative interaction with the therapeutic use of levodopa in parkinsonism by enhancing levodopa decarboxylation to dopamine in the periphery, which does not then reach the brain. The antitubercular drug isoniazid interferes with pyridoxine, and causes a deficiency leading to peripheral neuritis that may need to be corrected with dietary supplements. Vitamin B ... 

Use Feed additive, food additive and dietary supplement, vitamin tablets. 

In this chapter, pharmaceutical and health-care products, such as prescription drugs, generic drugs, OTC products, animal health products, dietary supplements (vitamins and herbal drugs), and biotechnology-derived products, are discussed in relationship to the format of preformulation reports. Topics of the preformulation study are discussed in detail. Models for some of the reports are provided in the hope that the pharmaceutical development team will devise an individual report format based on particular needs and resources. Analytical techniques useful for preformulation and regulatory conformity or requirements relative to product registration processes are also enumerated. 

The coumarin and indanedione anticoagulants are vitamin K antagonists, and consequently giving vitamin Kj , (p.458) reduces their effects. The dose at which this might become clinically important is not firmly established, but in one controlled study 150 mierograms of vitamin Kj daily produced a clinically relevant effect in 25% of subjects (see Dietary supplements Vitamin Ki-containing, (p.401)). There is also some evidence that a physicochemical interaction (possibly binding to protein) may occur between warfarin and enteral foods in the gut. ... 

For the effect of multivitamins containing vitamin Kj, see Coumarins + Dietary supplements Vitamin Kj-containing , p.401, and for the effect of supplements in enteral and parenteral feeds, see Coumarins and related drugs + Foods Enteral and parenteral nutrition , p.406. 

Uses Colorant in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, eye use antioxidant nutrient dietary supplement vitamin A precursor food and feed additive UV screen... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes Storage Photosensitive keep under argon Uses Direct food additive nutrient, dietary supplement, vitamin supplement for foods, pharmaceuticals, gelatin capsules, multivitamins antikeratinizing, moisturizing ingred. for cosmetics, skin and after-sun care prods. 

Uses Antioxidant, nutrient, dietary supplement, vitamin E source for foods and pharmaceuticals animal feed additive antioxidant for cosmetics... 

The general biochemistry of vitamin E has been extensively reviewed (Azzi and Stocker, 2000 Brigelius Flohe and Traber, 1999 Stone and Papas, 1997). This review will primarily focus on the biochemical and health aspects of vitamin E in food. It is important, however, to contrast the chemical forms of vitamin E found in plants with that found in mammals and in dietary supplements. Vitamin E is often equated with a-tocopherol, which is the primary lipid-soluble antioxidant in human plasma, and the most potent form in protecting the fetuses of pregnant female rats from death and resorption. We will explore the hypothesis that vitamin E supplements containing a chemical distribution of tocopherols and tocotrienols similar to that found in plant oils may be superior to supplements containing only a-tocopherol or a-tocopheryl acetate. Finally, this review will summarize the very recent application of nutritional genomics to vitamin E synthesis in plants. 

A dietary supplement is a product that is intended to supplement the diet and contains at least one or more of certain dietary ingredients, such as a vitamin, mineral, herb or other botanical, or an amino acid. These products may not be represented as conventional foods rather, they are marketed in forms that include capsules, tablets, gelcaps, soft-gels, and powders. Although manufacturers must have evidence to support their claims of a dietary supplement s safety and efficacy, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval is not required before a product is marketed. Micronutrient dietary supplements (vitamins and minerals for purposes of this discussion) are commonly pm-chased and consumed in developed cormtries, even... 

---