Dietary supplement antioxidants

Oxidation reactions are important in many reactions that keep our bodies going. But oxidation has also been blamed for aging, cancer, hardening of the arteries, and rheumatoid arthritis. Research is being done to evaluate the benefits of antioxidants in foods and dietary supplements. Antioxidants are natural reducing agents such as... 

Uses Nutrient, dietary supplement, antioxidant for foods and pharmaceuticals antioxidant for cosmotics... 

Uses Deodorant agent in cosmetics Zinc glycinate CAS 7214-08-6 Classification Glycine salt Empirical C4HaN204Zn Properties M.w. 213.51 Uses Zinc source, dietary supplement, antioxidant for pharmaceuticals therapeutic active for oral care adjusting agent in anti perspi rants... 

Saffron is a spice that is used sometimes for flavor, but mostly for the yellow color it imparts to foods. Because of its expense, saffron is often replaced in recipes by another carotenoid, annatto, or the unrelated dye molecule in turmeric. Like the other carotenoid dyes, saffron is an antioxidant, but its expense makes it unsuitable as a preservative or dietary supplement. 

In nearly every pharmacy, supermarket, and health food store, you can find bottles of antioxidants and antioxidant-rich natural products, such as fish oils, Gingko biloba leaves, and wheat grass. These dietary supplements are intended to help the body control its population of radicals and, as a result, slow aging and degenerative diseases such as heart failure and cancer. 

SRB contains high-quality protein, oil, dietary fiber, polysaccharides, fat-soluble phytochemicals (plant derived bioactive compounds) and other bran nutrients. Rice bran and germ are the richest natural sources of B complex vitamins as well as E vitamins, polyphenols, several antioxidants and minerals. It is now available in the commercial food ingredient market as a safe and effective functional food and dietary supplement. 

The effect of prolonged antioxidant therapy in relation to normal physiological processes (for example, redox cycling, cell-cell signalling, transcription factor activation) must be assessed. It is conceivable that the overload of one antioxidant by dietary supplementation (for example, a-tocopherol) may shift the levels of other antioxidants (for example, by decreasing ascorbate and /3-carotene concentrations), with unknown consequences. To assess the potential for lipid-soluble antioxidant treatment in inflammatory diseases such as RA, further investigations into these questions will be needed. 

As the therapy of AMD is very limited, there is an urgent need to develop an intervention to prevent vision loss. The epidemiological data together with the well-documented antioxidant properties of carotenoids in studies in vitro and with proven increases in macular pigment density in most people via dietary supplementation (Beatty et al., 2004 Berendschot et al., 2000 Bone et al., 2003 Hammond et al., 1997 Iannaccone et al., 2007 Landrum et al., 1997), including patients with early AMD (Koh et al., 2004 Obana et al., 2008 Richer et al., 2007 Trieschmann... 

FIGURE 23.3 Effects of dietary supplementation with carotenoids on (a) serum carotenoid concentrations, (b) serum concentrations of ROMs, and (c) serum antioxidant capacity (OXY), in nestling European kestrels (Falco tinnunculus). Open circles are nonsupplemented controls, and closed circles are carotenoid-supplemented birds. Means SE are shown. Means that are significantly different are denoted by asterisks CP<0.05 "Pc0.01 mmP<0.001). 

The consumption of a mixture of phenolic compounds presented in apple or purple grape juice inhibited mammary carcinogenesis in 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene (DMBA) treated rats (Liu and others 2005 Jung and others 2006). However, the individual antioxidants of these foods studied in clinical trials, including (3-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E, do not appear to have consistent preventive effects comparable to the observed health benefits of diets rich in fruits and vegetables, suggesting that natural phytochemicals in fresh fruits and vegetables could be more effective than a dietary supplement. 

A cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay for quantifying the antioxidant activity of phytochemicals, food extracts, and dietary supplements has been developed by Wolfe and Liu (2007). The method measures the ability of compounds to prevent the formation of dichlorofluorescein (DCF) by ABAP-generated peroxyl radicals in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. The decrease in cellular fluorescence when compared to the control cells indicates the antioxidant capacity of the compounds. The method... 

Prior RL, Wu X and Schaich K. 2005. Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. J Agric Food Chem 53(10) 4290-4302. 

Wolfe KL and Liu RH. 2007. Cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay for assessing antioxidants, foods, and dietary supplements. J Agric Food Chem 55(22) 8896-8907. 

This chapter reviewed current research pertaining to selected environmental agents and autoimmune diseases (Table 25.3). Other infectious agents (e.g., parvovirus, varicella), occupational exposures (e.g., mercury), dietary factors (dietary supplements, nutrients such as antioxidants, and specific proteins in wheat and other grains implicated in celiac disease), and stress have been the focus of additional research that was not included in this review. 

Several studies have linked lutein to a lower risk for eye, skin and other health disorders, probably through its antioxidant activity. Lutein is apparently metabolized to zeaxanthin, an isomer, and several other compounds which protect the macula from ultraviolet radiation. The suggestion is that lutein may play a positive role in reducing macular degeneration. Other reports have linked lutein to a reduction of risk of cancer.13 Regardless, lutein is currently being promoted as an important dietary supplement. 

As a result, the benefits of antioxidant dietary supplements are under debate. According to one study, vitamin E supplements may lower the risk of heart disease. Another study, however, concludes that taking beta-carotene supplements does not reduce the risk of certain cancers. 

A marine nutraceutical is defined as a marine-derived substance that can be used as a dietary supplement or a food ingredient that provides a medicinal or health benefit beyond basic nutrition [Barrow, C.. and F. Shahidi (2008). Marine Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. CRC Press. 494 pp.] Cosmoceuticals are cosmetic products with drug-like benefits conferred by ingredients such as vitamins, phytochemicals, enzymes, antioxidants, and essential oils. 

Al-Saikhan, M. S., L. R. Howard, and J. C. Miller Jr. Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in different genotypes of potato (Solarium tuberosum L.). J Etnopharmacol 1995 70(1) 69—74. Abbey, M., M. Noakes, and P. J. Nestel. Dietary supplementation with orange and carrot juice in cigarette smokers lowers oxidation products in copper-oxidized low-density lipoproteins. J Amer Diet Ass 1995 95(6) 671-675. 

Wolfe KL, Liu RH. Cellular /Antioxidant Activity (CAA) Assay for Assessing /Antioxidants, Foods, and Dietary Supplements. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2007 55(22) 8896-8907. 

Citric acid and its citrate compounds are widely used in hundreds of applications. Global production of citric acid in 2005 was 1.6 million tons, with China producing approximately 40% of the world supply. In the United States, approximately 65% of citric acid use is in the food and beverage industry. Citric acid is used as an acidulant to impart tartness, to control pH, as a preservative and antioxidant, as a metal chelator, and to stabilize color and taste. Citrate salts can be used as mineral and metal dietary supplement for example, calcium citrate... 

Anraku, M., Fujii, T., Furutani, N., Kadowaki, D., Maruyama, T., Otagiri, M., Gebidki, J. M., and Tomida, H. (2009). Antioxidant effects of a dietary supplement Reduction of indices of oxidative stress in normal subjects by water-soluble chitosan. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47, 104-109. 

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