Dietary influences selenium

Vilas, N.N., Bell, R.R. and Draper, H.H. (1976) Influence of dietary peroxides, selenium and vitamin E on glutathione peroxidase of the gastrointestinal tract. J. Nutr. 106, 589-597. 

Beije, B., Onfelt, A. Olsson, U. (1984) Influence of dietary selenium on the mutagenic activity of perfusate and bile from rat liver, perfused with 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. Mutat. Res., 130, 121-126... 

Kenyon, E.M., Hughes, M.F. and Levander, O.A. (1997) Influence of dietary selenium on the disposition of arsenate in the female B6C3F1 mouse. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A, 51(3), 279-99. 

In growing chicks, a deficiency can result in (i) encephalomalacia or crazy chick disease (ii) exudative diathesis, an oedema caused by excessive capillary permeability or (iii) muscular dystrophy. Encephalomalacia occurs when the diet contains unsaturated fats that are susceptible to rancidity. Some antioxidants, in addition to vitamin E, are also effective against encephalomalacia. Exudative diathesis is prevented by dietary selenium, and muscular dystrophy is a complex disease influenced by vitamin E, selenium, and the... 

Studies by Whanger et al., (56) has also shown that selenium addition to the drinking water had no influence on tumor incidence of C H/St mice fed a casein based diet regardless of the lipid source used. What dietary factor(s) are accounting for these differences in efficacy remain to be determined. 

Variations in the use pattern of industrial and agricultural chemicals throughout the world preclude standardization by international organizations such as OECD. Despite this fact, common dietary constituents, which are known to influence toxicity are antioxidants, unsaturated fatty acids, and selenium. These must be present in interfering concentrations. The potential impact of several common dietary contaminants on chronic toxicity assessment therefore, necessitates that special attention be given to their presence. In this respect, substances of concern include pesticide residues, chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, estrogens, heavy metals, nitrosamines, and mycotoxins. 

Pehrson, B., Ortman, K., Madjid, N., and Trahkowska, U. 1999. The influence of dietary selenium as selenium yeast or sodium selenite on the concentration of selenium in the milk of suckler cows and the selenium status of their calves. J. Anim. Sci. 77(12), 3371-3376. 

Similar demands for speciation of trace elements exist for food analysis. Substantial differences in the biological availability are known for several essential elements and depend on the form in which they are present in the diet. The chemical bases for these differences are known for cobalt, iron, and chromium but not for zinc, copper, and selenium. The importance of speciation in food analysis is best demonstrated by the example of iron. That element, when part of heme compounds, is well absorbed, and there is little influence on the absorption by other factors in the diet. Nonheme iron, on the other hand, is not readily absorbed and, in addition, is subject to many influences from dietary ingredients those influences are poorly understood and probably not completely known (14). 

Liu, J. and Milner, J. (1990) Influence of dietary garlic powder with and without selenium supplementation on mammary carcinogen adducts. FASEB J. 4 A1175. 

Dietary levels of selenium and the individual s selenium nutritional status are the most important factors that influence the route and rate of selenium excretion. Selenium excretion in expired air is only significant when exposures to selenium are high. Rats injected subcutaneously with sodium selenite at doses of 2.2-5.4 mg selenium/kg excreted 41-62% of the administered selenium in exhaled air, whereas rats injected with sodium selenite at doses of 0.005-0.9 mg selenium/kg excreted only 0.2-11% of the administered selenium in expired air (McConnell and Roth 1966 Olson et al. 1963). As the amount of administered sodium selenite increased, the percent of the administered selenium excreted in the urine decreased (from approximately 22-33% of the administered selenium at doses of 0.005-0.9 mg selenium/kg to 3-14% of the administered selenium at doses of 3.1-5.4 mg selenium/kg) (McConnel and Roth 1966). Selenium in the feces was not measured in this study. Burk et al. (1972) found that as the dietary level of sodium selenite was increased, a larger proportion of an injected tracer dose of selenium (as sodium selenite) was excreted. At a dietary level of 0.005 mg selenium/kg, approximately 60% of the injected selenium had been excreted in the first 35 days following administration. At a dietary level of 0.05 mg selenium/kg, over 94% of the injected selenium had been excreted over the same period of time. 

Bratter P, Negretti De Bratter VE. 1996. Influence of high dietary selenium intake on the thyroid hormone level in human serum. J Trace Elem Med Biol 10 163-166. 

Burk RF, Brown DG, Seely RJ, et al. 1972. Influence of dietary and injected selenium on whole-body retention, route of excretion, and tissue retention of (75Se03)-2 in the rat. J Nutr 102 1049-1055. 

Liu JZ, Milner JA. 1992. Age, dietary selenium and quantity of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene influence the in vivo occurrence of rat mammary DNA adducts. J Nutr 122(7) 1361-1368. 

Meydani M, Maccauley JB, Blumberg JB. 1986. Influence of dietary vitamin E, selenium and age on regional distribution. Lipids 21 786-791. 

Poulsen HD, Danielsen V, Nielsen TK, et al. 1989. Excessive dietary selenium to primiparous sows and their offspring. I. Influence on reproduction and growth. Acta Vet Scand 30(4) 371-378. 

Chow, C.K. and Gairola, C. (1984) Influence of dietary vitamin E and selenium on metabolic activation of chemicals to mutagens. J. Agric. Food Chem. 32 443-447. 

The influence of garlic on the cancer process cannot be considered in isolation since several dietary components can markedly influence its overall impact. Among the factors recognized to influence the response to garlic are total fat, selenium, methionine, and vitamin A [30, 31, 134]. Amagase et al. [30] and Ip et al. [135] reported that selenium supplied either as a component of the diet or as a constituent of a garlic supplement enhanced protection against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMB A)-induced... 

The lethal effects of methylmercury in various species of mammals are influenced by ambient temperature, dietary selenium, ethanol, and especially hypertension. Tests with a genetic strain of rat with high blood pressure showed that this strain was more sensitive to methylmercury than were control strains they died earlier and with higher tissue mercury burdens. Because hypertension and borderline hypertension is common among human inhabitants of mercury-polluted areas, with estimates as high as 56% among individuals 40 years old and older, more research seems warranted on the role of hypertension as a significant... 

There is no doubt that as dietary agents tocopherol and Factor 3/selenium arc different, independent entities (Schwarz, 1960). In principle, one must separate clearly three groups of diseases those caused purely by vitamin E deficiency, which are not influenced by Factor 3/selenium even in large excess (resorption sterility in rats, encephalomalacia in chicks) those... 

Dietary intakes of many essential trace elements are being determined by NAA, and results may serve as a basis for improved recommendations of safe and adequate daily average intakes of these elements. As a next step, possibly deficient or toxic intakes, the influence of the environment on dietary intake, correlations with tissue concentrations and clinical symptoms, and so forth may be investigated. A special example of such studies is the correlation of low dietary intakes of selenium with a particular syndrome known as Keshan disease in China. 

O Connor, T. P., and Campbell, T. C, 1984, Influence of dietary fat and selenium in L-a-zaserine induced preneoplastic acinar cell nodule development in rat pancreas. Fed. Proc. 43 2975. 

Some work has been done on the deposition of selenium and mercury in eggs. When included in the diet (20 ppm mercury as methylmercury) of laying hens, dietary selenium (8 ppm) was shown to increase the mercury content of egg white with simultaneous reduction of the mercury content of egg yolk (Magat and Sell, 1979). More than 97% of the total mercury in egg white was associated with ovalbumin, and selenium had very little influence on this amount. In contrast, the largest proportion of selenium in egg white was found in globulin. This preferential binding of... 

Silver accumulated in the liver with each increase of dietary silver, and this significantly increased hepatic copper and iron content (Table VI). However, silver had no influence on the zinc content of the liver. Dietary selenium significantly increased the silver content of the liver, consistent with the results of Wagner et al. (1975). The metabolic interaction of silver with copper in the rat is in agreement with findings by others using the chick (Hill et al, 1964 Peterson and Jensen, 1975b). 

Cerklewski FL (1979) influence of dietary zinc on lead toxicity during gestation and lactation in the female rat. J. Nutr. 109 1703-1709 Cerklewski FL, Forbes RM (1976) Influence of dietary selenium and lead toxicity in the rat. J. Nutr. 106 778-783... 

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