Oedema caused

Thiazide diuretics act on the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule by inhibiting sodium re-absorption. Thiazide diuretics are indicated in hypertension, and at higher doses to relieve oedema caused by heart failure. Thiazide diuretics lead to hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia. They may cause hypercalcaemia and are therefore avoided in patients with this condition. 

In growing chicks, a deficiency can result in (i) encephalomalacia or crazy chick disease (ii) exudative diathesis, an oedema caused by excessive capillary permeability or (iii) muscular dystrophy. Encephalomalacia occurs when the diet contains unsaturated fats that are susceptible to rancidity. Some antioxidants, in addition to vitamin E, are also effective against encephalomalacia. Exudative diathesis is prevented by dietary selenium, and muscular dystrophy is a complex disease influenced by vitamin E, selenium, and the... 

The small reductions in the subglottic region of the airways secondary to mucosal oedema causes significant changes to airflow. It is this change that results in the bark-like cough and respiratory distress. 

Botma M, Colquhoun-Flannery W, Leighton S. Laryngeal oedema caused by accidental ingestion of oil of wintergreen. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2001 58(3) 229-32. 

Many of the features observed in poisoning can be explained by ricin-induced endothelial cell damage, with fluid and protein leakage and tissue oedema, causing a so-called vascular leak syndrome . Disseminated intravascular coagulation has been observed in experimental animals following intravenous ricin administration and this is also likely to reflect endothelial cell damage. 

Acetazolamide is employed effectively for adjunctive treatment ofdrug-induced oedema, oedema caused hy congestive heart failure, petit mal and other centrencephalic epilepsies. It has also been used to lower the intraocular pressure prior to surgery in acute conditions ofangle-closure glaucoma, besides open-angle and secondary glaucoma. 

Triamterene is usually recommended in the treatment of oedema associated with nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis of liver, and congestive heart failure. It has also been used for the control and management of idiopathic oedema, steroid-induced oedema, oedema caused by hyperaldosteronism and in such oedematus patients who fail to respond to other therapy. It is usually used in conjunction with other diuretics like thiazides. 

A patient, dependent on dexamethasone due to brain oedema caused by a tumour, deteriorated rapidly, with headache and lethargy, when aminoglutethimide was also given. The problem was solved by withdrawing the aminoglutethimide and temporarily increasing the dexamethasone dosage from 6 to 16 mg daily. ... 

Oedema caused by repeated skin exposure to solvents can be quantified with a rather unsophisticated device the caliper (Wahiberg 1984a). Results of measurements of skin-fold thickness of experimental animals treated once daily with neat solvents are summarised in Table 4. Trichloroethylene and dimethylsulfoxide seem to be potent oedema-inducing solvents as well as influencing skin blood flow in man (Table 3). 

In the Sprague-Dawley rat exposed to an aerosol of 0.1 per cent CdCU in physiologic saline (10 mg CdCb/m ) for 2h, cytoplasmic oedema caused... 

Kokkonouzis I, Antoniou G. Images in emergency medicine. Uvular oedema caused by intranasal aspiration of undiluted juice of Ecbalium elaterium. Emerg Med J 2009 26(8) 566. 

Tlie respiratory system is tlie main target organ for vapour, gas or mist. Readily-soluble cheirticals, e.g. chlorine or phosgene, attack the upper respiratory tract less soluble gases, e.g. oxides of nitrogen, penetrate more deeply into the conducting airways and, in some cases, may cause pulmonary oedema, often after a time delay. 

Prolonged exposure may cause pulmonary oedema Systemic symptoms may occur in 0.5 to 1 hr Rapid collapse, respiratory paralysis imminent Immediately fatal... 

Glucocorticoids. Figure 2 Cellular effect of glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids can affect the activation of most resident and infiltrating cells with the airway suppressing either cell number or mediator release or both. In addition, glucocorticoids are able to decrease vascular permeablility (leak) within the airways that causes oedema and increase the expression of (32-receptors in smooth muscle cells. 

The classical skin response to local release of histamine that results from contact with an allergen, irritant or following an insect bite. A central wheal develops as a direct result of local inflammation and the the oedema the follows the increased capillary permeability caused by histamine acting on HI-receptors on vascular-endothelial cells. 

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