1,2-dichloroethane toxicity

Toxicity. 1,1-Dichloroethane, like all volatile chlorinated solvents, has an anesthetic effect and depresses the central nervous system at high vapor concentrations. The 1991 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommends a time-weighted average (TWA) solvent vapor concentration of 200 ppm and a permissible short term exposure level (STEL) of 250 ppm for worker exposure. The oral LD q of... 

Dichloroethane is one of the more toxic chlorinated solvents by inhalation (49). The highest nontoxic vapor concentrations in chronic exposure studies with various animals range from 100 to 200 ppm (50,51). 1,2-Dichloroethane exhibits a low single-dose oral toxicity in rats LD q is 680 mg/kg (49). Repeated skin contact should be avoided since the solvent can cause defatting of the skin, severe irritation, and moderate edema. Eye contact may have slight to severe effects. 

Livingston, A.G., Freitas dos Santos, L.M., Extraction and Biodegradation of a Toxic Volatile Organic Compound (1,2 dichloroethane) from Wastewater in a Membrane Bioreactor, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, v.42, pp.421-431, 1994. 

The purpose of this work was to determine the toxicity to mosquito larvae of insecticide spray residues. That certain insecticides are translocated in plants (4, 5) adds impetus to this study. Fresh orchard fruit sprayed or dusted with preparations containing parathion (0,0-diethyl O-p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate), tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP, HEPP), DDD [2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-l,l-dichloroethane], DDT [2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-l,l,l-trichloroethane], chlorinated camphene, and basic lead arsenate were shipped from California to Yonkers, N. Y., by air express for bioassay. 

Caution 1,2-Dichloroethane and carbon disulfide are toxic and should be handled only in an efficient hood. 

Hofmann HT,BimstielH,JobstP [Inhalation toxicity of 1,1 and 1,2 dichloroethane]. Arch Toxi/fo/27 248-265, 1971 (German)... 

EPA Health Assessment Document for 1,2-Dichloroethane (Ethylene Dichloride). Final Report—EPA/600/8-84/006F. Washington, DC, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, September... 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease and Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 1,2-Dichloroethane, 131pp. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 2001... 

Once the reagents are selected, compatible solvents are chosen. Some solvents avoided for scale-up are shown in Table 2.2. 1,2-Dichloroethane, a Class 1 solvent with toxicity similar to benzene, should be avoided. Solvents more commonly used are shown in Table 2.3. Characteristics considered include toxicity, polarity, boihng point, freezing point, miscibihty with water, and ability to remove water (and other compounds) by... 

Groups of 90 male and 90 female Sprague-Dawley rats, 12 weeks of age, were exposed to concentrations of 5,10, 50 or 250 ppm [20,40,200 or 1000 mg/ni ] 1,2-dichloroethane (purity, 99.82% 1,1-dichloroethane, 0.02% carbon tetrachloride, 0.02% trichloroethylene, 0.02% tetrachloroethylene, 0.03% benzene, 0.09%) in air for 7 h per day on five days per week for 78 weeks. After several days of exposure to 250 ppm, the concentration was reduced to 150 ppm because of severe toxic effects. A group of 90 males and 90 females kept in an exposure chamber under the same conditions for the same amount of... 

Case reports of reported acute toxic effects following inhalation exposure to 1,2-dichloroethane in the workplace indicate that 1,2-dichloroethane is readily absorbed by humans (Nouchi et al., 1984). 

Acute exposure of rats to 1,2-dichloroethane caused disseminated haemorrhagic lesions, mainly in the liver chronic exposure caused degeneration of the liver and tubular damage and necrosis of the kidneys (lARC, 1979). The limited organ toxicity of... 

A single oral dose (> 400 mg/kg bw) of 1,2-dichloroethane to B6C3Fj mice induced an elevation of alanine aminotransferase activity and an increase in relative liver weight, and some mortality occurred. The lowest intraperitoneal dose inducing an elevation of these enzy mes was 500 mg/kg bw intraperitoneal doses of up to 600 mg/kg bw did not kill any of the animals ( = 5). Inhalation exposure to 500 ppm [2000 mg/m ] for 4 h was hepatotoxic to some of the mice, while at 150 ppm [600 mg/m- ] no toxicity was observ ed. Relative kidney weight was elevated after 300 mg/kg bw orally, 400 mg/kg bw intraperitoneally and after a 4-h exposure to 500 ppm 1,2-dichloroethane (Storer et al., 1984). 

Daniel. F.B.. Robinson, M., Olson, G.R., York, R.G. Condie, L.W (1994) Ten and ninety-day toxicity studies of 1,2-dichloroethane in Sprague-Dawley rats. Drug chem. Toxicol., 17,463-477... 

Payan, J.P, Saillenfait. A.M., Bonnet, P, Fabry, J.P, Langonne, I. Sabate. J.P. (1995) Assessment of the developmental toxicity and placental transfer of 1,2-dichloroethane in rats. Fundam. appl. Toxicol., 28, 187-198... 

In the traditional process, the dried and ground paprika is extracted by organic solvents (such as hexane, acetone, benzene, methylene chloride, or dichloroethane) which have low boiling points. These traditional processes have several disadvantages. Most organic solvents like benzene and the chlorinated solvents are toxic, and government food regulations dictate... 

Ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane, CH2C1CH2C1), a colorless toxic liquid (boiling point 84°C, density 1.2560, flashpoint 13°C) is manufactured by two methods. 

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