Diarrhoea infectious

The inadequate intake of riboflavin seems to be the main cause for the deficiency of this vitamin, being common in populations whose diet lack dairy products and meat, and in anorexic individuals. Digestion and intestinal absorption disorders are other causes of disability, as observed in individuals with lactose intolerance, tropical sprue, coeliac disease and intestinal resection, as well as gastrointestinal and biliary obstruction. Other disorders such as diarrhoea, infectious enteritis and irritable bowel syndrome can cause poor absorption by increasing intestinal motility. Riboflavin deficiency also occurs in conditions such as chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus and inflammatory bowel diseases. 

Viruses are small infectious agents composed of a nucleic acid genome (DNA or RNA) encased by structural proteins and in some cases a lipid envelope. They are the causative agents of a number of human infectious diseases, the most important for public health today being acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis, influenza, measles, and vituses causing diarrhoea (e.g., rotavirus). In addition, certain viruses contribute to the development of cancer. Antiviral drugs inhibit viral replication by specifically targeting viral enzymes or functions and are used to treat specific virus-associated diseases. 

There are some descriptions of water-borne outbreaks, or even small epidemics of acute gastroenteritis (diarrhoea), cholera and hepatitis E associated with catastrophic floods that occurred in developing countries, such as Sudan [34, 35], Nicaragua [36], Mozambique [37] and West Bengal [37]. On the contrary, no changes in the base-line outbreak incidence have been reported in developed countries after major floods [37, 38]. When infrastructures and water management are adequate, outbreaks of faecal-oral water-borne infectious diseases do not follow flood events, even in the case where water flooding has compromised the security of water facilities [37]. 

A SAR study has been the base for assessing the therapeutics potency of the polyphenols of Central American indigenous plants against infectious diarrhoea in children caused by protozoa [108]. Accordingly, (-)-EGC... 

Alain, S. and Etenis, F. (2007). Epidemiology of infectious acute diarrhoea in France and Europe. Arch. Pediatr. 14(Suppl. 3), S132-S144. 

Frisari L, Viaggiano V, Pelagalli M An open, controlled study of two non-absorbable antibiotics for the oral treatment of pediatric infectious diarrhoea. Curr Med Res Opin 1997 14 39—45. 

Vinci M, Gatto A, Gilgio A, et al Double-blind clinical trial on infectious diarrhoea therapy Rifaximin versus placebo. Curr Ther Res 1984 36 92-99. 

Acute diarrhoea has a sudden onset and, if it is due to a viral agent, usually lasts 24-48 hours. It maybe due to unwise food consumption, food poisoning or an infectious agent such as a virus. 

Inflammatory and infectious diarrhoea. Examples of pathogens frequently associated with infectious diarrhoea include bacteria, Salmonella, E. coli, Campylobacter, viruses, rotaviruses, coronaviruses, parvoviruses (canine and feline), norovirus and protozoa, coccidia species, Cryptosporium and Giardia. The immune response to inflammatory conditions in the bowel contributes substantively to development of diarrhoea. Activation of white blood... 

Infectious diarrhoea is a very common eau.se of illness and results in u high mortality in developing countries. Bacterial pathogens cause the most severe forms of infectious diarrhoea, but more often diarrhoea is caused by a viral infection. 

Infectious ileocecitis is an infection of the terminal ileum and caecum that is caused by Yersinia entero-colitica, Campylobacter jejuni or Salmonella enter-itidis. The clinical features of infectious ileocecitis are very similar to those commonly found in acute appendicitis, with localized pain in the right lower quadrant being the main symptom, whereas diarrhoea is absent or mild. Local tenderness maybe less prominent and acute phase reactants more elevated than in appendicitis. Due to these symptoms, infec-... 

Tropical sprue. An intestinal malabsorption syndrome of infectious origin commonly found in the tropical regions. This syndrome is characterized by acute or chronic diarrhoea and consequently weight loss and malabsorption of nutrients. 

A variety of infectious diseases can cause malabsorption and diarrhoea. In many cases, this lasts only a few days and so has no long-term consequences. However, a number of intestinal parasites can cause long-lasting diarrhoea and damage to the intestinal mucosa, leading to malnutrition if the infection remains untreated for too long. 

Amoxycillin differs only in one hydroxyl group from ampicillin. It is absorbed about twice as efficiently as the latter antibiotic. Evidence is accumulating that the incidence of skin eruptions is about half that reported for ampicillin (28 —31 ). The overall incidence of skin rash and/or urticaria reported in studies involving over 4000 patients has been 3% (29 ). It is also obvious from the literature cited here that the incidence of diarrhoea with amoxycillin (2—4%) is lower than with ampicillin (11%) (SED VllI, p. 563). However, a very recent report does describe a case in which a typical (and histologically verified) pseudomembranous colitis occurred in a boy aged 10 shortly after a brief course of treatment with amoxycillin (250 mg 3 times daily). No other apparent causal factor was in evidence (80 ). Two cases have been described of rash after amoxycillin in patients with infectious mononucleosis (32 ). 

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