Main symptoms

Osteoarthritis is a disease of the load-bearing joints, characterised by gradual erosion of cartilage and deformation of bone. Pain is the main symptom, initially eased by rest, but later analgesics such as aspirin-like drugs are indicated. 

X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is caused by mutations in the gene for the vasopressin V2 receptor leading to an insensitivity of the kidney for the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP). The main symptom of the disease is diuresis, i.e., the production of a large amount of diluted urine. Due to the massive loss of water, the patients suffer from thirst and are in danger of dehydration. The disease usually becomes evident shortly after birth. 

Schizophrenia may be defined as the progressive disintegration of an individual s personality and of the relationship between that person and the world in general. The main symptoms are ... 

Esophagitis Inflammation of the esophagus caused by frequent regurgitation of acid and peptic juices from the stomach. The main symptoms are heartburn, regurgitation of bitter fluid, and sometimes difficulty in swallowing. Complications of esophagitis... 

BZD effects on human sleep are well characterized (Mendelson 2001) (a) decreased sleep latency (b) decreased awakenings (c) increased stage II sleep (d) suppressed stage III and IV sleep (e) increased REM sleep latency (f) initial reduction and fragmentation of REM sleep. Discontinuation of BZD treatment after three to four weeks produces a rebound of REM sleep as well as slow-wave sleep (SWS). BZD and non-BZD compounds are pharmacological agents indicated in the management of anxiety, insomnia, and other conditions in which anxiety is the main symptom, and should be considered as symptomatic medications (Nishino et al. 2004). 

C. jejuni invade and become established in epithelial cells of the lower intestine whereupon a cholera-like toxin is secreted. The main symptom associated with the disease is perfuse diarrhea that can last between 2 and 14 days although is rarely life threatening. There has been an increase in the recovery of antibiotic-resistant C. jejuni from human isolates although not from animals (Pumbwe and Piddock, 2004). 

Nicotine is a potent nerve poison, and is included in many insecticide preparations. In lower concentrations, nicotine is a stimulant, i.e. it increases activity, alertness and memory, and this is one of the main factors that contribute to the dependence-forming properties of tobacco smoking. Nicotine increases heart-rate and blood pressure, and reduces appetite. In higher doses, nicotine acts as a depressant. In large doses, it can cause nausea and vomiting. The main symptoms of the withdrawal of nicotine intake include irritability, headaches, anxiety, cognitive disturbances and sleep disruption. 

The principal syndrome where the main pathological development is identified manifests through a series of main symptoms. For example, the main symptoms indicating an exterior wind-cold syndrome are chills and fever, headache and generalized body pain. These result from the invasion of wind and cold at the superficial region of the body, the failure of the Defensive-Qi to spread, and obstruction in the blood circulation. 

The chief is the ingredient that directly treats the principal syndrome, which is manifested by the main symptoms. 

Main symptoms in a severe case Severe constipation, dry stool (sometimes a foul-smelling fluid is excreted instead of stool), flatulence, bowel movement once in several days, severe focal abdominal pain increased on pressure, a tense and firm abdomen. There may be tidal fever, delirious speech and profuse sweating. 

Main symptoms in a moderate case Constipation or habitual constipation, dry stool, irregular bowel movement, distending pain of the abdomen. 

When the Heart-Yin and Heart-blood are injured, the Heart-shen is disturbed. Severe irritability and restlessness (even delirium) are the main symptoms of disturbance of Heart-shen. 

These two herbs are able to regulate the Qi and descend the Qi in the intestines. They can be used for Qi obstruction by dampness in the intestines. The main symptoms are distension of the abdomen, and irregular and difficult bowel movement. As their actions are quite strong, they are only used in acute and excess conditions. In chronic conditions, espe-... 

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