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Intestinal malabsorption syndromes

H5 oprothrombinaemia due to intestinal malabsorption syndromes. Menadiol sodium phosphate should be used as it is water-soluble. [Pg.569]

Presurgical bowel preparation with oral kanamycin is seldom practiced and can be followed by an intestinal malabsorption syndrome (3). Only negligible amounts of kanamycin are absorbed through an intact intestinal mucosa, but increased systemic availability and potential toxicity can result from the presence of ulcerated or denuded areas. [Pg.1963]

Lo CW, Paris PW, Clemens TL, Nolan J, Holick ME Vitamin D absorption in healthy subjects and in patients with intestinal malabsorption syndromes. [Pg.1955]

P-Xylose occurs in grains and fruits. It is a pentose with a structure similar to its hexose cousin glucose. Since it is absorbed and excreted mainly unchanged, the xylose tolerance test is used to diagnose intestinal malabsorption syndromes. [Pg.47]

Tropical sprue. An intestinal malabsorption syndrome of infectious origin commonly found in the tropical regions. This syndrome is characterized by acute or chronic diarrhoea and consequently weight loss and malabsorption of nutrients. [Pg.137]

Reports of human copper deficiency are limited and suggest that severe nutrient deficiency coupled with malabsorption is required for this disease state to occur. Infants fed an exclusive cows milk diet are at risk for copper deficiency. Cows milk not only has substantially less copper than human milk but the bioavailability is also reduced. High oral intake of iron or zinc decrease copper absorption and may predispose an individual to copper deficiency. Other infants at risk include those with (1) prematurity secondary to a lack of hepatic copper stores (2) prolonged diarrhea and (3) intestinal malabsorption syndromes. Even the premature liver is capable of impressive copper storage. By 26 weeks gestational age the liver already has 3 mg of copper stored. By 40 weeks gestational age, the hepatic liver has 10-12 mg copper stored with the majority being deposited in the third trimester. Iron and zinc... [Pg.115]

The post-gastrectomy patient should be added to the type of case in which caution with oral glycerol is required (a failing heart, case of advanced liver disease) and it is probable that care is also needed in dealing with other intestinal malabsorption syndromes (SED VIII, p. 1071). [Pg.367]

A number of genetic diseases that result in defects of tryptophan metabolism are associated with the development of pellagra despite an apparently adequate intake of both tryptophan and niacin. Hartnup disease is a rare genetic condition in which there is a defect of the membrane transport mechanism for tryptophan, resulting in large losses due to intestinal malabsorption and failure of the renal resorption mechanism. In carcinoid syndrome there is metastasis of a primary liver tumor of enterochromaffin cells which synthesize 5-hydroxy-tryptamine. Overproduction of 5-hydroxytryptamine may account for as much as 60% of the body s tryptophan metabolism, causing pellagra because of the diversion away from NAD synthesis. [Pg.490]

Schiffer LM, Faloon WW, Chodos RB Malabsorption syndrome associated with intestinal diverticulosis. Gastroenterology 1962 42 63-68. [Pg.108]

Chronic diarrhea is likely to result in a disturbance of water and salt balance. This has been shown to be so in the malabsorption syndrome (C9, F5). These changes, especially potassium deficiency, may cause some aggravation of the intestinal situation and increase of abdominal distension. Some improvement in absorption may consequently occur on appropriate rehabilitation. However, a residual defect of absorption will remain until more specific therapy is instituted. [Pg.92]

In the malabsorption syndrome some increase in the numbers and activity of intestinal bacteria in the lower bowel might be expected,... [Pg.96]

Whipple s disease is a rare malabsorption syndrome, which usually occurs in men aged 30-60 years of age. It is caused by a bacterium, Tropheryma whippelii, which infiltrates the mucosa of the small intestine. The symptoms are characterised by arthritis, steatorrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, fever and weakness. Treatment consists of prolonged administration of antibacterial drugs and the correction of nutritional deficiencies. [Pg.162]

Of significant interest is an attempt to nse Enterosgel for therapy of chronic hard-to-treat diseases of gastro-intestinal tract snch as malabsorption syndrome, gluten enteropathy, exacerbation of chronic enteritis, post-resection syndrome and the syndrome of irritated large bowel. [Pg.207]

Normally there is very little fat in the feces. However, fat content in stools may increase because of various fat malabsorption syndromes. Such increased fat excretion is steatorrhea. Decreased fat absorption may be the result of failure to emulsify food contents because of a deficiency in bile salts, as in liver disease or bile duct obstruction (stone or tumor). Pancreatic insufficiency may result in an inadequate pancreatic lipase supply. Finally, absorption itself may be faulty because of damage to intestinal mucosal cells through allergy or infection. An example of allergy-based malabsorption is celiac disease, which is usually associated with gluten intolerance. Gluten is a wheat protein. An example of intestinal infection is tropical sprue, which is often curable with tetracycline. Various vitamin deficiencies may accompany fat malabsorption syndromes. [Pg.499]

Deficiencies of vitamin B12 can result from either low dietary levels or, more commonly, from poor absorption of the vitamin due to the failure of gastric parietal cells to produce intrinsic factor (as in pernicious anemia) or to a loss of activity of the receptor needed for intestinal uptake of the vitamin.5 Nonspecific malabsorption syndromes or gastric resection can also cause vitamin B12 deficiency. The vitamin may be administered orally (for dietary deficiencies), or intramuscularly or deep subcutaneously (for pernicious anemia). [Note Folic acid administration alone reverses the hematologic abnormality and thus masks the B12 deficiency, which can then proceed to severe neurologic dysfunction and disease. Therefore, megaloblastic anemia should not be treated with folic acid alone, but rather with a combination of folate and vitamin B12.] Therapy must be continued for the remainder of the life of a patient suffering from pernicious anemia. There are no known adverse effects of this vitamin. [Pg.216]

Endoscopic analysis and intestinal biopsies are useful to rule out other diseases of the intestine and to confirm ABL. In ABL, the intestinal lumen has a gelee blanche or white frothy appearance from massive accumulation of lipids within the mucosa, which persists even in the setting of a low-fat diet. On microscopic evaluation of a biopsy sample taken from this region, inflammation commonly observed in other malabsorption syndromes is usually ab-... [Pg.292]

Osmotic diarrhoea. Occurs if osmotically active solutes are retained in the intestinal lumen water will not be absorbed and diarrhoea will result. Ingestion of poorly absorbed substrates, such as mannitol, sorbitol, Epson salts (MgS04) and some antacids (MgOHj), can occur in a number of malabsorption syndromes. For example, a failure to digest lactose (lactose intolerance) means that lactose remains in the intestinal lumen and osmotically holds water. [Pg.77]

Abetalipoproteinemia is a rare lEM involving lipid dysfunction. Also called Bassen-Komzweig syndrome, it is characterized by extremely low cholesterol due to deficient or absent beta lipoproteins, which are an important component of the cholesterol molecular complex. Symptoms include growth retardation, neurological dysfunction, retinal pigment degeneration, and upper intestinal malabsorption. [Pg.294]

Prolonged heavy excess of iron intake overwhelms the mechanism described and results in haemo-siderosis, as there is no physiological mechanism to increase iron excretion in the face of increased absorption. Iron-deficient subjects absorb up to 20 times as much administered iron as those with normal stores. Abnormalities of the small intestine may interfere with either the absorption of iron, as in coeliac disease and other malabsorption syndromes, or possibly with the conversion of iron into a soluble and reduced form, e.g. following loss of acid secretion after a partial gastrectomy. [Pg.588]

Malabsorption syndromes. Particularly in gluten-sensitive enteropathy and tropical sprue, poor absorption of folic acid from the small intestine often leads to a megaloblastic anaemia. [Pg.597]

Classes, Sources, and Biochemistry Fuel for the Flost Dietary Fiber and Health of the Small and Large Intestines Microorganisms and Digestion Gut Microflora Microbe-Host Interactions Malabsorption Syndromes Summary References Bibliography... [Pg.133]

Vitamin K is absorbed by the small intestines, where it enters the lymph packaged in chylomicrons. A deficiency in vitamin K can occur in adults and children suffering from fat malabsorption syndromes, such as cystic fibrosis. [Pg.525]

Thiamine is a nutritional supplement used during periods of deficiency known as beriberi and its manifestations such as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Thiamine needs increase during diseases of the small intestine, malabsorption, congenital metabolic dysfunction, liver disease, alcoholism, and during pregnancy and lactation. Supplementation of thiamine for treatment of Alzheimer s disease, congestive heart failure, and cataracts has been investigated however, evidence is unclear as to its benefits at this time. [Pg.2560]


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