Flame ionization detectors Subject

Analytical Methods. The samples of PAH were extracted with cyclohexane, and the extract was subjected to liquid-liquid extractions with N,N-dimethylformamide as reported elsewhere (26). Following a concentration step, the extract was analyzed by GCZ using a Carlo Erba Fractovap 2101 equipped with a flame ionization detector. The column was a 50 m x 0.32 mm i.d. persilanized glass capillary coated with 0V-73 according to the Grob method (27). 

There are a large number of GC detectors available but the majority of GC separations are monitored by the flame ionization detector (FID), the nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD), the electron capture detector (BCD) or the katherometer detector (or Hot Wire Detector). Tlie latter is almost exclusively used in gas analysis and rarely used in chiral chromatography and so will only be briefly described here. Furthermore, the FID is used in probably 90% of all chiral analyses. However, before describing the construction and function of each detector the subject of detector specifications needs to be discussed. 

Finally, GC can be used to determine alcohol concentration in breath specimens obtained from living subjects. Appropriately modified GCs are used, and directly collected or field-collected breath can be analyzed. These chromatographs are equipped with an appropriate multisampling valve for injecting the sample and a flame ionization detector (FID). ... 

Table 1 has proved to be useful to describe general trends with respect to field use of analytical instruments. Judgements with respect to the values entered in the matrix are those of the author based on evaluations of literature information and personal experience. GC-IMS [6] refers to a hand-held device based on a short column GC coupled to a CAM-based IMS instrument. A new technology, Transverse Field Compensation Ion Mobility Spectrometry [7], which has been subjected to only a limited amount of study has been included because of an indication of very good real time sensitivity. GC-FPD/FID refers to a gas chromatograph with a single column, a flame photometric detector (FPD), and a flame ionization detector (FID). GC-MS, a gas chromatograph - mass spectrometer, is well known. 

Quantitative TLC is the subject of Chapter 10 of Ref. I. The theory and techniques of densitometric TLC are elaborated in Chapter 10 of this Handbook, and general considerations and instrumental aspects of densitometric chromatogram evaluation are presented in Chapter 5. Quantification of 1 ipids and other types of compounds on quartz rods coated with an immobilized layer of silica gel or other sorbent with direct interfacing to a flame ionization detector (the Chromarod system) was reviewed by Shantha (188) and Ackman et al. (189) and is described in Chapter 13. 

The MP-3 Thermal Chromatograph (Spex Industries, Inc., Me-tuchen, NJ) facilitates the slow (up to 40°C/min) controlled atmosphere pyrolysis of solid oil shale. The volatile compounds produced are monitored by both flame ionization and thermal conductivity detectors and after trapping, the whole or portions of the evolved organic proflle may be further subjected to GC and other analytical procedures. In contrast, the CDS 100 pyroprobe and associated CDS 820 reaction system (Chemi-... 

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