Preliminary optimization

Preliminary process optimization. Dominant process variables such as reactor conversion can have a major influence on the design. Preliminary optimization of these dominant variables is often required. 

The cost of the capital depends on its source. The source of the capital often will not be known during the early stages of a project, and yet there is a need to select between process options and carry out preliminary optimization on the basis of both capital and operating costs. This is difficult to do unless both capital and operating costs can be expressed on a common basis. Capital costs can be expressed on an annual basis if it is assumed that the capital has been borrowed over a fixed period (usually 5 to 10 years) at a fixed rate of interest, in which case the capital costs can be annualized according to... 

Validation and Preliminary Optimization of Primary NMR Screening Hits... 

The above example demonstrates the power of utilizing modeling tools when designing microstructures for high-performance bioanalytical systems. Trivial design errors are easily avoided and preliminary optimization of a microfluidic structure may thus be accomplished in silico, prior to extensive and expensive processing rounds in the microfabrication laboratories. 

The construction, modeling, and preliminary optimizing of molecule structure were performed... 

This is a set of model equations for simulation and preliminary optimization of the BAHLM parameters membrane -working area feed, carrier, strip solutions initial concentrations flow velocities, etc. 

After preliminary optimization, 3 was prepared by directly adding 1.1 to 1.2 equiv of pivaloyl chloride to a solution of Meldrum s acid, the carboxylic acid 2, catalytic DMAP, and f-Pr2NEt at ambient temperature followed by warming to 55°C. The use of 5 to 10 mol% of DMAP was necessary to achieve >97% conversion in less than 3 h. In order to maintain the high process productivity and the reaction homogeneity, the use of the combinations of i-Pr2NEt with Me2NAc or MeCN as solvent was discovered to be the best choice. 

In Steps 5 and 6 of the method development we showed how one can determine the nature of the analytes in an unknown mixture and also perform a preliminary optimization of an HPLC separation of the mixture. The approach described works in approximately 80 % of the cases. The other 20 % may require other types of optimization. This approach is for regular reversed-phase columns (Cl8 type), preferably with the highest possible bonding density. Other columns may introduce some specific interactions for certain analytes and may possibly simplify the development process for particular mixtures, but such a result should be regarded as the exeption rather than the rule. 

Figure 5 A flow chart for the preliminary optimization of a liquid chromatographic method using a molecular imprinted polymer as stationary phase.

It is acceptable to terminate construction of the AR here, as a preliminary optimization, if we are content with the set of points described by Figure 7.2(b). Since the reactor stmcture is simple, the implementation and construction of the corresponding reactor network is equally straightforward (the initial reactor arrangement would correspond to Figure 7.3). 

In contrast, Coric and List approach [76] was to develop a C2-symmetric imidophosphate dimer 121, whereby the considerable steric bulk of the BINOL backbone with C-3,3 aryl substituents would confer both rigidity to the complex and restrict the dimensions of the active site to increase the selectivity. Interestingly, during preliminary optimization studies, Coric and List found that while (5)-TRIP 120 effectively catalyzed the spirocyclization, the selectivity was not as high as that observed using their imidophosphate dimer 121 (Scheme 31). 

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