Design Implications

FIGURE 733 Feasible Petlyuk column in composition space using TTs operating with FP3, Xf= [0.33, 0.33], pure product streams, a liquid side draw, / ai =5 and ot = [5, 1,2]. 

The fact that the Pedyuk column has a line of solutions at minimum reflux conditions suggests that there are multiple steady states, even at this limiting condition. Moreov, this line of minimum reflux solutions always occurs within the FP3 region, implying that, for constant volatility systems. FP3 is the optimal FP in terms of energy requirements. In other words, if any other FP is chosen as the operating FP for the column, it is certain that the design is relatively far from minimum reflux since the only feasible FP at overall minimum reflux is FP3. 

Example 7.2 E esign the a Petlyuk column for the benzene// -xylene/toluene system that produces the following product streams x = (0.98,0.0], x = (0.0,0.95), and s = [0.0,0.0] from a feed with a flowrate of 1 mol/s and a composition of 

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A chemist may think only of optimizing the route of synthesis to avoid a runaway reaction hazard and not consider the safety and design implications of flammable reaction by-products. 

Major Industry Corrosion Problems A number of specific problems have achieved industry status over the past ten years, owing to their cost and/or threat to plant integrity. All have significant design implications. 

AREDS Research Group (1999). The age-related eye disease study (AREDS) Design implications, AREDS Report No. 1. Contr. Clin. Trials 20 573-600. 

In this paper, the advective control model for groundwater plume capture design is described, algorithmic requirements to accommodate unconfined aquifer simulation are presented, and two- and three- dimensional example problems are used to demonstrate the optimization model capabilities and design implications. The model is applicable for designing long-term plume containment systems and as such assumes steady-state flow and time-invariant pumping. 

Figure 22.5 shows how product, customer, and market characteristics can determine different SCM strategies and design implications. For example, the strategic choice to serve niche customers with high price specialty chemicals is only tenable if the high-value inventory is centralized to reduce costs, and if a fast, responsive supply chain is set up to fill customer orders within the requested lead time from central inventory. 

Design implications Set high service levels Set medium service levels Negotiate early delivery of... 

Baron, R., Bygrave, S., 2002. Towards International Emissions Trading Design Implications for Linkages. OECD/IEA Information Paper. 

McClean DR, Eigler NL, Stent design implications for restenosis, Rev Cardiovasc Med 2002 3(suppl 5) SI 6-S22,... 

The design implications can be demonstrated best by the concept of an ideal mix from Hignell et al. (27) which is illustrated in Figure 10. The bottom dashed line givies the characteristics of a mix optimized for... 

Murray J., Rouse J. V., and Carpenter A. B. (1981) Groundwater contamination by sanitary landflU leachate and domestic wastewater in carbonate terrain principal source diagnosis, chemical transport characteristics and design implications. Water Res. 15, 745-757. 

Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A (2003) Effects of surfactants on gel behavior design implications for drug delivery systems. Am J Drug Deliv 1(2) 77-101... 

Because the metal-extraction separation process involves chemical reactions, rates may be slow compared with ordianry liquid extraction. Although slow kiostics have important process design implications, more attention has been focused on mechanistic interpretations than on quantitative phenomenonological characterization. Cox and Fieri1 hava reviewed some chemical aspects of extraction kinetics. 

The calcareous deposit formed on cathodically protected metal surfaces will also be affected by the presence of micro-organisms and macro-fouling. Physical disruption and alteration of structure, composition and crystal form will influence the response to cathodic protection. The consequent economic implications of changes in current density requirement for protection, and the engineering design implications and associated economics may be significant [Maines 1993]. Work is therefore required to improve the understanding of the relationship between... 

For instance, incident investigation methods should direct inquiry very early on into what may have been programmed into work systems through the design of the workplace or work methods. They should promote inquiry that determines whether the design of the work is error-conducive. For all injuries, the first question should be. Are there workplace design or work methods design implications ... 

Although the scenarios just previously given are post-incident, their purpose is to develop an awareness of the workplace or work methods design implications on safety, and of the benefits that could be achieved if hazards are properly addressed in the design process. 

Rutledge, PJ. and A. Mosleh. "Dependent-Pailures in Spacecraft Root Causes, Coupling Eactors, Defenses, and Design Implications." Proceedings of the Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium. IEEE, 1995. 

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