Markets characteristics

Chemical market characteristics and development is important to understand requirements and drivers of this industry to be addressed by research and practitioners. The market overview is structured in different topics ... 

The expected private benefit depends on a number of market characteristics and public policies, including market size, intellectual property rights, price regulation, and the magnitude of prizes for innovation. Some public policies, such as the Orphan Drug Act, may affect both the costs and the expected private benefits of R D investment. 

The most comprehensive reference in this group was undoubtedly Kirk and Othmer (Ref. Gl). It provided an excellent historical background into process development and market characteristics, and also provided a broad coverage of the physical and chemical properties of nitric acid, handling methods, and materials of construction. A warning on using this or other process encyclopedias is that much of the technology presented in the first five references has now been superseded. 

Figure 22.5 shows how product, customer, and market characteristics can determine different SCM strategies and design implications. For example, the strategic choice to serve niche customers with high price specialty chemicals is only tenable if the high-value inventory is centralized to reduce costs, and if a fast, responsive supply chain is set up to fill customer orders within the requested lead time from central inventory. 

Successful discovery of efficacious bioherbicides will depend on implementation of an objective, balanced research strategy. Such a research strategy will depend on a cooperative research effort between public and private sector scientists. Focus on components of the disease triangle and target market characteristics will be tantamount to successful discovery of bioherbicides. 

Assessment and re-examination of the business model is especially important as the segment matures. As a chemical moves from discovery to growth, to maturity, and on to decline, its customer needs, competitive dynamics, and market characteristics change. These inflection points require a refinement (or in some cases total change) of the business model (Fig. 5.11). The key success factor here is the ability to anticipate changing market dynamics in order to be a first mover in developing a new and more successful model. 

Rangarajan et al. (2002) examine the feasibility of taking welfare recipients who initially find jobs and targeting them for job retention services based on their personal and labour market characteristics. As with dislocated worker profiling, the goal of the study was to try to improve the efficiency of resource use, by targeting post-employment services to clients most in need, as measured by those welfare recipients who are most likely to have long periods without employment. 

The study finds that the characteristics most strongly related to spells without employment are (1) working without fringe benefits, and (2) having a health limitation. The result of this analysis again shows that a series of personal and labour market characteristics can be used to identify who should be referred to services -in this case post-employment services. 

Strips created from whole-loan CMOs trade differently from those issued out of agency CMOs, due to the nature of the underlying collateral they are viewed differently by investors and so their secondary market characteristics are less liquid. 

Chapter 3 gives a survey of emerging energy market characteristics in different regions of the world, introduces a rationale for small reactors without on-site refuelling and discusses possible strategies to introduce such reactors to different categories of potential customers. 

SURVEY OF EMERGING ENERGY MARKET CHARACTERISTICS — A RATIONALE FOR SMALL REACTORS WITHOUT ON-SITE REFUELLING... 

The main sections of this report, addressed to all above mentioned groups of stakeholders, survey emerging energy market characteristics and draw a rationale for small reactors without on-site refuelling provide a summary and an assessment of major design specifications, applications and user-related special features for the surveyed reactor concepts review the design status and targeted deployment dates and outline the possible fuel cycle approaches. 

Prevalent strategies in Introduction Introduction Introduction Growth Decline (dependent on market characteristics)... 

If one plans to purchase an automatic method development system, one will first have to get an idea of the systems that are presently available on the market Essentially, only ChromSword Auto and, since recently, AMDS (based upon DryLab) are available, along with H EUREKA, which is presently being established on the market Characteristics and experiences with the three systems are compared in Table 2. This table can also be used as a check list in order to facilitate the decision in favor of one system or the other. 

Since 2001, Ni-Cd and Ni-MH rechargeable batteries have kept at an almost-constant market share. But since 2005, among the nonaqueous batteries, lithium-based batteries have been receiving the most attention. Particularly, laminated Li batteries are in great demand for commercial applications and increasingly are being sold in the market. Characteristics of some nonaqueous batteries best suited for commercial applications are shown in Table 1.7. 

Hui, S. and Xiao-Ping, W. 2009. Market characteristics of new energy supply in China. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 1, 1712-1716. 

Most companies need to tailor their supplier portfolio based on a variety of product and market characteristics. For example, Zara uses responsive sources out of Europe to produce trendy products that must be in stores quickly to meet customer demand. In contrast, basics such as white T-shirts are sourced out of lower-cost facilities in Asia. Table 15-6 identifies factors that favor the selection of a responsive or low-cost source. 

The conclusion from these hypotheses for technology management is that for a multinational firm it is important to gear new products or process development towards the lead market context provided a lead market exists. If it is possible that there is a lead market, knowledge of lead market characteristics of regional mar-... 

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