Design dynamic load

Jones, O.E. (1972), Metal Response under Dynamic Loading, in Behavior and Utilization of Explosives in Engineering Design (edited by Henderson R.L.), University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 125-148. 

The four primary coolant pumps are connected to the secondary shield wall by three-link snubbers designed to be flexible under static applied loads (thus, allowing thermal expansion) but become stiff under dynamic loads that might occur during an earthquake. Accordingly, the system is coupled to the wall under seismic loading. 

All conditions listed in the section titled Load Capacities, subsection titled Mast and Derricks under Dynamic Conditions," are to be specified by the user. Forces resulting from wind and vessel motion are to be calculated in accordance with the formulas presented in the section titled Design Specifications, paragraphs titled Wind, Dynamic Loading (Induced by Floating Hull Motion). ... 

In addition to withstanding some minimum load or loads (sections titled Load Capacities and Design Specifications ), derricks and masts that satisfy API standards must also satisfy certain requirements regarding materials, allowable stresses, wind, dynamic loading, earthquakes and extremes of temperature. 

Wind and Dynamic Stresses (Induced by Floating Hull Motion). Allowable unit stresses may be increased one-third over basic allowable stresses when produced by wind or dynamic loading, acting alone, or in combination with the design dead load and live loads, provided the required section computed on this basis is not less than required for the design dead and live loads and impact (if any), computed without the one-third increase. 

In well engineering and applications, cement must be dealt with in both its slurry form and in its set form. At the surface the cement must be mixed and then pumped with surface pumping equipment through tubulars to a designated location in the well. After the cement has set, its structure must support the various static and dynamic loads placed on the well tubulars. 

The stmctural design of an industrial building will, first, reflect the requirements of plant layout and manufacturing procedures. Apart from holding up the building envelope, stmctural members will be designed and placed to support particular static and dynamic loads. As with the plan form. 

An adequate description of material behavior is basic to all designing applications. Fortunately, many problems may be treated entirely within the framework of plastic s elastic material response. While even these problems may become quite complex because of geometrical and loading conditions, the linearity, reversibility, and rate independence generally applicable to elastic material description certainly eases the task of the analyst for static and dynamic loads that include conditions such as creep, fatigue, and impact. 

Dynamic loading in the present context is taken to include deformation rates above those achieved on the standard laboratorytesting machine (commonly designated as static or quasi-static). These slower tests may encounter minimal time-dependent effects, such as creep and stress-relaxation, and therefore are in a sense dynamic. Thus the terms static and dynamic can be overlapping. 

The behavior of materials (plastics, steels, etc.) under dynamic loads is important in certain mechanical analyses of design problems. Unfortunately, sometimes the engineering design is based on the static loading properties of the material rather than dynamic properties. Quite often this means over-design at best and incorrect design resulting... 

The behavior of materials under dynamic load is of considerable importance and interest in most mechanical analyses of design problems where these loads exist. The complex workings of the dynamic behavior problem can best be appreciated by summarizing the range of interactions of dynamic loads that exist for all the different types of materials. Dynamic loads involve the interactions of creep and relaxation loads, vibratory and transient fatigue loads, low-velocity impacts measurable sometimes in milliseconds, high-velocity impacts measurable in microseconds, and hypervelocity impacts as summarized in Fig. 2-4. 

The designer can use several approaches to prevent hysteresis failure. The first is material selection. The stiffer the material is, the smaller the strain is for a given stress level and the lower the hysteresis loss per cycle. Some materials are additionally fairly linear in stress-strain characteristics and have smaller hysteresis loops. These would be preferred in dynamic loading applications. 

In structural applications for plastics, which generally include those in which the product has to resist substantial static and/or dynamic loads, it may appear that one of the problem design areas for many plastics is their low modulus of elasticity. The moduli of unfilled plastics are usually under 1 x 106 psi (6.9 x 103 MPa) as compared to materials such as metals and ceramics where the range is usually 10 to 40 x 106 psi (6.9 to 28 x 104 MPa). However with reinforced plastics (RPs) the high moduli of metals are reached and even surpassed as summarized in Fig. 2-6. 

Depending on construction and orientation of stress relative to reinforcement, it may not be necessary to provide extensive data on time-dependent stiffness properties since their effects may be small and can frequently be considered by rule of thumb using established practical design approaches. When time dependent strength properties are required, creep and other data are used most effectively. There are many RP products that have had super life spans of many decades. Included are products that have been subjected to different dynamic loads in many different environments from very low temperatures to very high corrosive conditions, etc. An example is aircraft primary structures (10,14,62). 

Many plastic products seen in everyday life are not required to undergo sophisticated design analysis because they are not required to withstand high static and dynamic loads (Chapter 2). Examples include containers, cups, toys (Fig. 10-1), boxes, housings for computers, radios, televisions and the like, electric iron (Fig. 10-2), recreational products (Figs. 10-3 and 10-4) and nonstructural... 

Norris, C. H., et al. Structural Design for Dynamic Loads. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1959. 

Post-installed bolts will be required at times for attachment of equipment which may be subjected to large accelerations during a blast. Expansion anchors should be avoided for most blast design applications unless the load levels are low. Typically "wedge" type anchors are qualified for dynamic loads although most of these ratings are for vibratory loads and are based on cyclic tests at low stress levels. These should only be used where ultimate loads are less than the rated capacity with a margin of safely. Epoxy anchors have shown excellent dynamic capacity and may be considered for critical applications. 

The expert system package is designed so that an algorithm of reasonably arbitrary structure can be dynamically loaded into the 68010 from the LISP processor. This allows, for example, the expert system to implement process-monitoring functionality in a dynamic fashion, the equivalent of ... 

DIERS[1) presented a series of design charts, based on the Omega method, which can be used to evaluate the thrust force. These charts do not include the dynamic load factor, FD. If a load is suddenly applied, as will be the case following operation of a relief system, the piping will. experience a dynamic load of approximately twice the applied load. It is therefore usual to use a dynamic load factor of 2 in equation (12.1). Leung121 also discusses the use of the Omega method to calculate reaction forces. 

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